{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Study outlines role of medics in Iraq prison abuses' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c015d8eafeecae148088' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c015d8eafeecae148088' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nStudy outlines role of medics in Iraq prison abuses\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAbu Ghraib prison, Iraq - 10 May 2004 1. US soldiers walk past, as shot pans across prison blocks 2. Interiors, various of cells and open cell doors Reykjavik, Iceland - 20 August 2004 3. Set up shot of Steven Miles, Author of Lancet...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAbu Ghraib prison, Iraq - 10 May 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e1. US soldiers walk past, as shot pans across prison blocks \u003cbr/\u003e2. Interiors, various of cells and open cell doors \u003cbr/\u003eReykjavik, Iceland - 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e3. Set up shot of Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e\"There were three issues in terms of what they did. First they completely failed to set up a health care system to take care of the detainees, to provide monthly medical checks, check for tuberculosis and so on. The doctors also cooperated in the design and monitoring of interrogation, that is the doctors helped design how harsh the interrogation could be and that is a violation of medical ethics and also Geneva Conventions, and third , they wrote false medical reports and death certificates to conceal abuse-related injuries and deaths.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK. 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e5. Computer screen showing \"The Lancet\" online edition, highlighting article by Miles \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close up onscreen of article by Miles titled: \"Abu Ghraib: its legacy for military medicine.\" \u003cbr/\u003eReykjavik, Iceland. 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e\"For example, there was one young man who was beaten and then he was suspended from a doorway and a cloth was put in his mouth. He was soon found  \u003cbr/\u003edead and the death certificate was written to list 'heart attack in a 22 year old'. After extensive inquiries and protests by the media, a new autopsy was done  which found that the true cause of death was homicide by asphyxia not death by heart attack.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAbu Ghraib prison, Iraq. 10 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of prison's medical facilities\u003cbr/\u003eReykjavik, Iceland. 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e\"The real problem though is, that the moral boundaries between being a soldier and being a medical professional became blurred. Doctors who work in prisoner of war camps have a exclusive obligation to the health of the detainee, and that is defined in medical ethics and in the Geneva Convention and it is that exclusive obligation that became lost to these actors.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAbu Ghraib prison, Iraq. 10 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003e10. Exterior of cell block \u003cbr/\u003e11. Red cloth being held out of window by prisoner \u003cbr/\u003e12. Another prisoner's hand waving out window \u003cbr/\u003eReykjavik, Iceland. 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e\"That a doctor in a military prison or a prisoner of war camp is the first and last defence against human rights abuse. Because many of these camps will never be visited by groups  like the International Committee of the Red Cross and so it is very important the doctors take seriously their independent stature to make sure that human rights abuses do not occur and to report them to make sure they can be stopped. From the prisoner's side, if the doctor is silent or actively complicit in abuses, it tells the prisoner that you are completely beyond human concern, that you are completely lost.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAbu Ghraib prison, Iraq. 10 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003e14. Pan across cell blocks \u003cbr/\u003e15. Close up barbed wire around cell blocks \u003cbr/\u003eReykjavik, Iceland. 20 August 2004 \u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Miles, Author of Lancet article and University of Minnesota professor  \u003cbr/\u003e\"We need to strengthen the military code of justice, we need to improve the training of military personnel, we may need to to strengthen international law to allow mandatory inspections of detention facilities. I think that the reforms here are much more important than the punishments.\" \u003cbr/\u003e17. Set up shot of Miles\u003cbr/\u003e18. Tilt down outside of hotel to show Miles walking in \u003cbr/\u003eA US bioethicist has claimed that doctors working for the US military in Iraq collaborated with interrogators in the abuse of detainees at Baghdad's Abu Ghraib prison, profoundly breaching medical ethics and human rights.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a scathing analysis of the behaviour of military doctors, nurses and medics, University of Minnesota professor Steven Miles calls for a reform of military medicine and an official investigation into the role played by physicians and other medical staff in the torture scandal.\u003cbr/\u003eHe cites evidence that doctors or medics falsified death certificates to cover up homicides, hid evidence of beatings and revived a prisoner so he could be further tortured. \u003cbr/\u003eNo reports of abuses were initiated by medical personnel until the official investigation into Abu Ghraib began, he found.\u003cbr/\u003eMiles said in this week's edition of The Lancet medical journal that \"Army officials stated a physician and a psychiatrist helped design, approve and monitor interrogations at Abu Ghraib.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe analysis does not shed light on how many doctors were involved or how widespread the problem of medical complicity was, aspects that Miles said he is now investigating.\u003cbr/\u003eA US military spokesman said the incidents recounted by Miles came primarily from the Pentagon's own investigation of the abuses.\u003cbr/\u003eLieutenant Colonel Barry Johnson, the US Army spokesman for detainee operations in Iraq, said that \"many of these cases remain under investigation and charges will be brought against any individual where there is evidence of abuse.\" \u003cbr/\u003ePhotographs of prisoners being abused and humiliated by US troops in Iraq have sparked worldwide condemnation. \u003cbr/\u003eAlthough the conduct of soldiers has been scrutinised, the role of medical staff in the scandal has received relatively little attention.\u003cbr/\u003eMiles said that medics in prison of war camps are often \"the first and often the last line of defence against human rights abuses \" and that when they fail to do anything about abuses, it tells the prisoner that he is beyond help.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHe said military medicine reform needs to be enshrined in international law and include more clout for military medical staff in the defence of human rights.\u003cbr/\u003eMiles gathered evidence from U.S. congressional hearings, sworn statements of detainees and soldiers, medical journal accounts and press reports to build a picture of physician complicity, and in isolated cases active participation by medical personnel in abuse at the Baghdad prison, as well as in Afghanistan and at the Guantanamo Bay detention centre in Cuba.\u003cbr/\u003eIn one example, cited in a sworn statement from an Abu Ghraib detainee, a prisoner collapsed and was apparently unconscious after a beating. \u003cbr/\u003eMedical staff revived the detainee and left, allowing the abuse to continue, Miles reported.\u003cbr/\u003eDepositions from two detainees at Abu Ghraib described an incident in which a doctor allowed a medically untrained guard to sew up a prisoner's wound.\u003cbr/\u003eA military police officer reported a medic inserted an intravenous tube into the corpse of a detainee who died while being tortured to create evidence that he was alive at the hospital, Miles said.\u003cbr/\u003eAt prisons in both Iraq and Afghanistan, \"Physicians routinely attributed detainee deaths on death certificates to heart attacks, heat stroke or natural causes without noting the unnatural (cause) of the death,\" Miles wrote.\u003cbr/\u003eHe cites an example from a Human Rights Watch report in which soldiers tied a beaten detainee to the top of his cell door and gagged him. \u003cbr/\u003eThe death certificate indicated he died of \"natural causes ... during his sleep.\" However, after media coverage, the Pentagon changed the cause of death to homicide by blunt force injuries and suffocation.\u003cbr/\u003eIn an editorial comment, The Lancet condemned the behaviour of the doctors, saying that despite dual loyalties, they are doctors first and soldiers second.\u003cbr/\u003eJohnson, the Army spokesman, said the U.S. military \"will allow no actions that undermine or compromise medical professionals' commitment to caring for the sick and wounded, regardless of who they are or their circumstances.\"\u003cbr/\u003eEarly in the war on terrorism, U.S. President George W. Bush asserted that the Geneva Conventions, which govern the humane treatment of prisoners of war, did not apply to al-Qaida detainees.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to U.S. Senate testimony from Undersecretary of Defence Stephen Cambone and Army Maj. Gen. Antonio Taguba in May, that decision was made because the conventions govern conflicts between states and al-Qaida is not a state, much less a signatory of the convention.\u003cbr/\u003eMiles said that those legal arguments over a detainee's status miss the point, which is the care that doctors are obligated to provide. \u003cbr/\u003eHe also dismissed Pentagon officials blaming poor training, understaffing, racism, pressure to procure intelligence and the stress of war for the abuses.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' 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