{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='First human recipient of laboratory-grown bladder' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c003d8eafeecae14780a' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54c003d8eafeecae14780a' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nFirst human recipient of laboratory-grown bladder\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionHaddam, Connecticut, 31 March 20061. Kaitlyne McNamara, bladder transplant patient walking with family2. Close up of Kaitlyne3. Kaitlyne walking towards her house4. Kaitlyne with leg braces walking up steps5. Set up shot of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eHaddam, Connecticut, 31 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e1. Kaitlyne McNamara, bladder transplant patient walking with family\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of Kaitlyne\u003cbr/\u003e3. Kaitlyne walking towards her house\u003cbr/\u003e4. Kaitlyne with leg braces walking up steps\u003cbr/\u003e5. Set up shot of Kaitlyne and mother Tracy McNamara\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kaitlyne McNamara, bladder transplant patient:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Since I got the bladder, I haven't had the accidents and I don't have to have people come up to me and say 'Well, there's a problem' so I don't have to worry about people making fun of me about that.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWinston-Salem, North Carolina  30 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e7. Dr Daniel Eberli taking growing bladder from beaker with forceps, placing it in a dish\u003cbr/\u003e8. Dr Eberli demonstrating method of 'seeding' cells on bladder mould\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up of dripping cells and growth medium on bladder mould\u003cbr/\u003e10. Dr. Anthony Atala walking down hallway, pan to Wake Forest Health Sciences Institute for Regenerative Medicine sign on wall \u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Anthony Atala, Director, Institute for Regenerative Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The differences between these technologies and that of cloning and stem cells is that here we are using the patient's own cells.  So basically if a patient has a problem with their particular organ you are taking the cells from the patient, growing those cells outside the body and putting those cells right back into the patient.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Dr. Eberli moving bladder mould around in dish\u003cbr/\u003e13. More Eberli seeding cells on bladder mould\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close ups of liquid dripping on bladder mould\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Anthony Atala, Director, Institute for Regenerative Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The way that we engineer these organs is we actually manufacture a scaffold in the shape of a bladder - a mould if you will that is three dimensional.  We then take the cells and seed the cells on to the mould one layer at a time - very much like making a layered cake.  You then place that structure into the oven which is the incubator and approximately a few weeks later you have your organ which is ready to be implanted.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Putting bladder mould into growth medium in beaker\u003cbr/\u003e17. Dr. Eberli placing bladder mould into incubator\u003cbr/\u003e18. Tilt down of incubators set to body temperature\u003cbr/\u003e19. Monitors on outside of incubator\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Anthony Atala, Director, Institute for Regenerative Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Basically what we are using are techniques that are designed to really expand these cells in large quantities so today we can take a square centimetre biopsy of tissue and by day 60 we can have enough to cover a football field.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFile\u003cbr/\u003eCourtesy: Institute for Regenerative Medicine\u003cbr/\u003e21. Urothelium (early stage) cells under magnification\u003cbr/\u003e22. Urothelium (early stage) cells under high magnification\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eWinston-Salem, North Carolina  30 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Anthony Atala, Director, Institute for Regenerative Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We currently have many other tissues and organs that we are working on at the Institute - blood vessels, windpipe, heart and liver, pancreas - they all have challenges of their own and we are trying to overcome those.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Dr. Atala looking in microscope\u003cbr/\u003e25. Dr. Atala examining experimental regenerated heart valve\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close up of Dr. Atala looking in microscope\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Anthony Atala, Director, Institute for Regenerative Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Currently we face a major organ shortage. The number of transplants has remained entirely flat in the past decade, while the number of patients on the waiting list has tripled.  So there is a major need for replacement tissues and organs.\" \u003cbr/\u003eHaddam, Connecticut  31 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e28. Tilt up of still photo of Kaitlyne wearing specially tailored prom dress\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kaitlyne McNamara, bladder transplant patient:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I feel just like myself.  It's like actually for me, I feel like I do have a body part that was grown but it's my own body part.\"\u003cbr/\u003e30. Pan from Kaitlyne to mother\u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tracy McNamara, mother of Kaitlyne: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It's mind blowing, it's, you know, science fiction at its best.\"\u003cbr/\u003e32. Setup of Kaitlyne and Tracy McNamara\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Kaitlyne McNamara, bladder transplant patient:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I don't have to worry about having the accidents as much as I did before.  Now I can go and enjoy having fun without having to worry about having the accidents.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Kaitlyne walking with family\u003cbr/\u003e35. Kaitlyne and family looking at lake from top of hill\u003cbr/\u003eFor the first time, scientists have rebuilt a complex human organ, the bladder, in seven young patients using live tissue grown in the lab - a breakthrough that could hold exciting promise for someday regenerating ailing hearts and other organs.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly simpler tissues - skin, bone, and cartilage - have been lab-grown and then transplanted in the past. This is the first time that a more intricate organ has been mostly replaced with tissue grown from the patient's own cells.\u003cbr/\u003eIn an article published online on Tuesday in the British medical magazine The Lancet, a team of scientists outline a study where seven patients aged 4 to 19 suffering from incontinence had significant portions of their bladders removed and replaced by bio-engineered cells.\u003cbr/\u003eFor the children and teenagers in the study, the transplants reduced leaking from their bladders - a potentially big gain in quality of life. For 16-year-old Kaitlyne McNamara, the transplant has meant a new social life.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the time of her surgery five years ago, her kidneys were close to failing as a result of her weak bladder. Now, they are working again, and she no longer wears a diaper. Instead, she was waiting for alterations on a low-cut champagne-coloured dress for her junior prom.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now that I've had the transplant, my body actually does what I want it to do,\" she said last week near her home in Middletown, Connecticut. \"Now I can go have fun and not worry about having an accident\".\u003cbr/\u003eThe research team at the Children's Hospital in Boston did the first procedure in 1999 but wanted to make sure it would work on others. The results weren't announced while the doctors did the other surgeries and followed the progress of the last patient for almost two more years.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It gives everyone in the field ... the evidence and encouragement they've needed to say this can be done,\" said Dr. Stephen Badylak, a University of Pittsburgh expert in tissue engineering.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Anthony Atala, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest University has been working to regenerate organs and cells for the past sixteen years.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says that the previous method of treatment, while effective, led to some serious long term problems.  The old method - used for nearly a century - was to cut sections of the bowel to create a new bladder. \u003cbr/\u003eBut because the intestines are designed to absorb, while the bladder cells are designed to secrete, serious side effects included osteoporosis, heightened risk of cancer and kidney stone formation.\u003cbr/\u003eBladders made of synthetic materials had been found to be ineffective and were often rejected by the body.\u003cbr/\u003eThe report says that the dangers of rejection are virtually eliminated because the cells are genetically identical to the ones being removed.\u003cbr/\u003eThe bladders are grown from tissue samples from the patient's diseased organs, which are seeded on the biodegradable mould of a healthy bladder in a procedure resembling basting a turkey.\u003cbr/\u003eThe cells are 'teased apart' but when properly cultured can grow at a rate where a postage stamp-sized sample can cover a football field in just two months, says Dr. Atala.\u003cbr/\u003eThe moulds are carefully monitored and incubated in the lab, and roughly six to seven weeks later are fully formed and ready for transplant back into the body.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Atala and his research team say they are already growing heart valves, blood vessels and nearly two dozen other organs in their labs. \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Atala says the procedure could give new hope to those waiting in line for donated organs, and an estimated 35 (m) million Americans suffering from bladder disease that they may soon be able to heal themselves rather than wait years for a suitable match.\u003cbr/\u003eBut kidneys, hearts or brains are much more complicated organs, says Dr. Daniel Eberli, a research fellow at the Institute, and may take many more years to be able to grow in the lab.\u003cbr/\u003eReplacing an entire bladder would pose many more problems, including reconnecting urine tubes, blood supply, and nerve signalling, according to Dr. Steve Y. Chung, an Illinois urologist who wrote a commentary for The Lancet.\u003cbr/\u003eStill, he called the work \"a tremendous, tremendous advance\".\u003cbr/\u003eScientists, marvelling at how animals like salamanders regenerate lost limbs, have long toyed with the futuristic possibilities of regrowing worn-out or injured human parts. Recent discoveries have transformed those hopes into an emerging reality.\u003cbr/\u003eOver the past decade, researchers began fashioning better scaffold-like platforms that hold growing cells and dissolve inside the body. The study of stem cells, which can mature into all the body's other tissues, has also supercharged progress in regenerative medicine.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Boston researchers used a more mature cell type known as a progenitor. They first operated on the patients to remove bad tissue that made up more than half their bladders. They fished out muscle and bladder wall cells, seeded them on cup-like bladder-shaped scaffolds of collagen, then let the cells reproduce in the lab for seven weeks. \u003cbr/\u003eStarting with tens of thousands, they ended up with about 1.5 (b) billion cells. The cell-bearing moulds were then surgically sewn back to the remnants of the patients' original and partly working bladders, where the lab-nurtured cells kept maturing.\u003cbr/\u003eIn undergoing the experimental procedure, the patients skirted the typical side effects of grafts that would otherwise have been made with their own intestinal tissue.\u003cbr/\u003eAtala, who has since moved to Wake Forest University, has already begun commercialising his transplant techniques through Tengion, a company he helped found. It has licensing rights to patents on his work, and some of his research collaborators have acted as consultants.\u003cbr/\u003eSome researchers were more cautious about the promise shown with the new procedure, saying the study lacks any direct comparison group of patients getting the traditional graft.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Joseph Zwischenberger, who edits the journal of the American Society of Artificial Internal Organs, questioned how well the new bladders worked in the first few patients and raised a \"red flag\" about two patients who left the study for personal reasons and were ultimately omitted from the results. \u003cbr/\u003eHe also said Atala's attempts to commercialise the technique should add some scepticism toward the findings, which he nonetheless called \"very interesting preliminary data\".\u003cbr/\u003eThe patients in the study like Four foot two (127 centimetres) Kaitlyne McNamara must still cope with the ravages of spina bifida, the birth defect that caused their bladder problems. \u003cbr/\u003eLeaving the spine incompletely closed, spina bifida can turn off nerve signals that keep the bladder healthy. The stiff, leathery bladder leaks frequently, forcing the person to wear pads or diapers. What's worse, the weakened bladders can flush urine back into the kidneys and damage them too.\u003cbr/\u003eThe rebuilt bladders, though, were up to three times more elastic and better at holding urine, the researchers report. In all seven patients, kidney function was preserved, the study said. The patients must still empty their bladders regularly with a tube but can avoid leaking in between.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's really science fiction at its best,\" marvels Tracy McNamara, the transplant teenager's mother and a nurse.\u003cbr/\u003eKeyword-health-medical\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: First human recipient of laboratory-grown bladder\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"First human recipient of laboratory-grown bladder\" title=\"First human recipient of laboratory-grown bladder\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}