{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Tribal traditions threatened after relocation' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bffad8eafeecae1473d6' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bffad8eafeecae1473d6' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTribal traditions threatened after relocation\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionGenhe - Aug 27, 20091. Wide of Ewenki house with sculpture of reindeer, tilt down to medium of Ewenki herdsman leading reindeers 2. Medium of Ewenki herdsman leading reindeers3. Wide of Ewenki herdsman with reindeers4....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eGenhe - Aug 27, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Ewenki house with sculpture of reindeer, tilt down to medium of Ewenki herdsman leading reindeers \u003cbr/\u003e2. Medium of Ewenki herdsman leading reindeers\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of Ewenki herdsman with reindeers\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close, tilt up of Eweneki herdsman with reindeer\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of moss, tilt up to wide of reindeer grazing \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close, tilt up of reindeer grazing moss\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin), Gu Gejun, Ewenki Herdsman:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our lifestyle has been affected (by the resettlement), because we Ewenki are born hunters. From older generations to younger generations we used to live on hunting. It's in our blood.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eGenhe - Aug 26, 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of hunting guns displayed in Ewenki museum, pan to wide of photos displayed\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of photo showing Ewenkis hunting in old days\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of visitor looking at display\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close of photo showing Ewenki mother and child in cradle, tilt down to cradle displayed \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eGenhe - Aug 27, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide of Ewenki new village with sculpture of reindeer as foreground \u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of houses in Ewenki new village \u003cbr/\u003e14. Medium of houses \u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide, tilt down of people out of house \u003cbr/\u003e16. Medium of people in front of house\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide, tilt up of mushrooms in front of Ewenki house\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close, pull focus of mushrooms in front of Ewenki house\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eGenhe - Aug 26, 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide, pan of local officials meeting foreign reporters\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin), Cao Zhenghai, Party Secretary of Hulunbeier City:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We think it's necessary to resettle the Ewenkis to a proper place down the mountains, as it is good for the protection of their culture, education and health. So we built a new village for Ewenkis, but still kept five places for them to raise reindeers.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Various of children's choir singing songs of minority ethnic groups \u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin), Sa Ri Ge Le, Choir Girl from Mongolian Ethnic Group:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think I learn a lot in the choir, for example, I can learn many different languages from other minority ethnic groups and also I can practice my mother language.\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Various choir \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television - AP Clients Only\u003cbr/\u003eBeijing -Sept 16, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close, pull out to wide of scholar getting book on Ewenki from book shelf\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close of scholar introducing poem of Ewenki\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin), Dular Osor Chaoke, Ewenki and linguist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences: \u003cbr/\u003e\"To a certain extent, both Ewenkis and reindeers can't do without each other. Without reindeers, the Ewenkis can't survive, and they will just become citizens living in cities; but if Ewenkis go and find other jobs to do, then the reindeers will not exist. So if we really want to protect the Ewenkis as a special minority tribe, we must protect reindeers first.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eGenhe  Aug 27, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide of deer in shed \u003cbr/\u003e28. Medium of deer \u003cbr/\u003e29. Wide of herdsman feeding deer\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close of deer eating, tilt up to medium of herdsman\u003cbr/\u003e31. Close of deer eating\u003cbr/\u003eSix years ago resettlement by China's government forced Ewenki ethnic tribes out of their villages and into the city.\u003cbr/\u003eThe government says it wants to protect the minority tribe by giving them a better lifestyle, but the move is challenging many of the Ewenki  traditions. \u003cbr/\u003eHerding and hunting reindeer in the vast pine and birch forests on Siberia's fringe used to be Gu Gejun's life. \u003cbr/\u003eNow his hunting rifle has been confiscated and the reindeer he herds are in an urban tourist park. \u003cbr/\u003eThe 42-year-old is the only Ewenki herdsman in the park raising reindeer.\u003cbr/\u003eLife as a Ewenki has been changed for many in this area since the resettlement six years ago.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our lifestyle has been affected, because we Ewenki are born hunters. From older generations to younger generations we used to live on hunting. It's in our blood,\" says Gu. \u003cbr/\u003eGu says he had to turn over his semiautomatic rifle when he was resettled. He still remembers the numbers engraved on it _ 62864 _ though he cannot remember the ones on his government ID card. \u003cbr/\u003eAll the guns that Ewenkis used to hunt with are now displayed in a local museum open to tourists. \u003cbr/\u003eA teepee-like tent houses an exhibit on how the Ewenki used to live as pastoral nomads. \u003cbr/\u003eGu and 62 other Ewenki families were relocated to a new village from the mountains in 2003. \u003cbr/\u003eAll the villagers now live in a Finnish-designed gated community of spacious sloped-roofed wooden houses in orderly rows.\u003cbr/\u003eSince 2000, China has moved more than 700,000 nomadic herders - mostly Tibetans, Mongols and Kazaks in western China  - from their traditional ranges into settled communities. \u003cbr/\u003eUnder the resettlement programme, around 243 Ewenkis from the Aoluguya branch of the Ewenki moved 200 miles (300 kilometres) to Genhe, a small city of lumber mills and white-tiled buildings. \u003cbr/\u003eThe government says the intent is to raise living standards and protect the grasslands from overgrazing and desertification. \u003cbr/\u003e\"We think it's necessary to resettle the Ewenkis to a proper place down the mountains, as it is good for the protection of their culture, education and health. So we built a new village for Ewenkis, but still kept five places for them to raise reindeers,\" says Cao Zhenghai, the Party Secretary of Hulunbeier City which governs the city of Genhe.\u003cbr/\u003eGovernment officials and many Ewenki recognise resettlement has meant trade-offs. \u003cbr/\u003eMoving has brought them access to better education and medical services and a chance to thrive in the mainstream of China's booming economy. \u003cbr/\u003eYet it has also marked the end of a distinct tradition and is hastening the loss of their language as younger Ewenki learn Chinese to compete. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Ewenki (pronounced ehr-when-key) roamed for centuries around southern Siberia and the Greater Hinggan Mountains that abut China's eastern border with Russia and Mongolia. \u003cbr/\u003eAbout 64,000 remain.\u003cbr/\u003eHalf are in China where they have seen their traditional hunting grounds shrink, first as they were moved away from the border during China-Soviet Union tensions and then in recent decades by logging and poaching by Chinese.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Ewenki long existed in the margins of the Russian and Chinese empires. They moved from the Lena River area near Russia's Lake Baikal in the 17th century for better hunting grounds. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the early years of communist rule, their reindeer were collectivised, and their shamanic belief system was outlawed during the radical Cultural Revolution. \u003cbr/\u003eA wave of Han Chinese migrants and illegal hunting for reindeer penis and antlers began to encroach on their living environment after the 1980s. \u003cbr/\u003eBy the time resettlement began for some groups in the 1990s, many were dispirited. Alcoholism rates were high, and assimilation already under way. \u003cbr/\u003eThe government began giving Ewenki welfare payments in the 1980s. They still get a 400 yuan ($60) subsidy each month. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to residents in Genhe, around half have found jobs running small tourism businesses. Others have left to find work on construction sites. \u003cbr/\u003eThese school children from minority ethnic groups including Ewenki have been picked to sing in a local choir.\u003cbr/\u003eThe children all speak Chinese, but some are happy to be there to sing songs in their own language.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think I learn a lot in the choir, for example, I can learn many different languages from other minority ethnic groups and also I can practice my mother language,\" says Sa Ri Ge Le from Mongolia. \u003cbr/\u003eReindeer remain at the centre of Ewenki life, providing milk and transport for herdsmen.\u003cbr/\u003eUnder the resettlement programme, Ewenkis brought their 700 or so reindeer with them. But the reindeer did not have enough to eat and some died. \u003cbr/\u003eAround 30 Ewenki returned to the mountains, taking the reindeer with them and refusing to be settled. \u003cbr/\u003eLocal government officials say the move was to provide more chances for younger generations of minority ethnic groups to study their own languages. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, experts say the protection of reindeer is even more important and urgent now for Ewenki community.\u003cbr/\u003eDular Osor Chaoke, an Ewenki and linguist at the government-backed Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, has been trying to protect the unique culture of Ewenki for years.\u003cbr/\u003e\"If we really want to protect the Ewenkis as a special minority tribe, we must protect reindeer first,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eReindeer, as they are known in Europe and Asia, and caribou in the Americas, are large deer adapted for arctic conditions. 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