{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Water banking in times of drought' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bff7d8eafeecae1472e5' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bff7d8eafeecae1472e5' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWater banking in times of drought\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionMadera, California, USA - September 2, 20111. Wide of water, ducks, cows2. Mid of pond, frog jumping3. Wide of cows and water4. Pan right cracked soil5. Mid low angle of Lance Johnson getting into truck6. Close shot of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eMadera, California, USA - September 2, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of water, ducks, cows\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of pond, frog jumping\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of cows and water\u003cbr/\u003e4. Pan right cracked soil\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid low angle of Lance Johnson getting into truck\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close shot of bumper sticker reading (English) \"Food Grows Where Water Flows\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English) Lance Johnson, General Manager, Madera Irrigation District:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Water banking is a process by which we allow our surplus supplies to percolate into the ground. It is then stored in the ground with little or no loss as compared to a lake someplace.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various signage and maps of California Water resources and Principal Water Supply Facilities\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of map, Johnson points out features\u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid of Lance Johnson on dirt track\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close of reeds\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close of reeds in water\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of crayfish in water\u003cbr/\u003e14. Pan right of dry vernal pool with barbed wire fence\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close of barbed wire\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE (English) Lance Johnson, General Manager, Madera Irrigation District:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's a very important part of what we need to do in our state because we do have these particularly wet years when we have access to supplies, that at the particular time they are occurring we don't have demand for, and so to conserve those supplies as we are now here, we can bank those supplies for future use.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Pan right of canal\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide of field with building\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of tractor\u003cbr/\u003e20. Mid of building with tree branch in foreground\u003cbr/\u003eSacramento, California, USA - September 16, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide low angle of California Environmental Protection Agency building\u003cbr/\u003e22. Set up of Dave Clegern walking out of building\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE (English) Dave Clegern, Public Information Officer, State Water Resources Control Board:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Groundwater is not regulated very tightly in California. In fact it's barely regulated in California. And, people have been pumping water out of the ground for years to supplement water they can't get on the surface during droughts. As a result those aquifers are drained down considerably. So from an environmental standpoint it makes sense to put water back into the aquifer because it frankly affects water quality. As your water goes down you get more concentrated chemicals and minerals and those sorts of things and the water simply becomes unusable after a while.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide of fence and canal\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide of canal\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of plant in water\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (English) Dave Clegern, Public Information Officer, State Water Resources Control Board:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The other reason it is at least popular to talk about it right now is that it's a storage issue. Building dams is very expensive, siting reservoirs is an extremely long process, and the aquifers are there. So, pumping water into the aquifer and pumping it back out makes a lot of sense, if you're in the pumping business.\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. Wide of river\u003cbr/\u003e29. Wide of dusty road between orchard and cornfield\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close of tracks on dusty road\u003cbr/\u003eStanford, California, USA - September 15, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide of Buzz Thompson, Director, Woods Institute for the Environment, walking down corridor\u003cbr/\u003e32. Mid of Buzz Thompson standing reading\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE (English) Buzz Thompson, Director, Woods Institute for the Environment and Professor, Stanford Law School:\u003cbr/\u003e\"One way in which we can be more efficient with the water that we have, is to take the water when it is available, when we have surplus water, and actually store it for future use. The best way of storing water for future use if you look at all the pros and cons, is to bank it in groundwater aquifers.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Various of Thompson reading\u003cbr/\u003e35. SOUNDBITE (English) Buzz Thompson, Director, Woods Institute for the Environment:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are questions about other people pumping the groundwater out, there's the possibility that you try to pump more water out than you've actually been able to store and not lose. There are economic issues and there are environmental issues. All of those need to be addressed if we're going to make groundwater banking work.\"\u003cbr/\u003e36. Wide of grass with cornfield in background\u003cbr/\u003eCentral Valley, California, USA  - September 2, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e37. Various of flowers\u003cbr/\u003eCalifornia's climate fluctuates between too much rain and none at all - and that makes managing water supplies something of a nightmare.\u003cbr/\u003eOne solution may be to pump surplus water back into depleted underground reservoirs for future use.\u003cbr/\u003eIt may not look like a perfect picture of the banking crisis, but water banking in California is a big deal.\u003cbr/\u003eWhen it rains it pours - and when it doesn't, there's drought.\u003cbr/\u003eWater is big business in California, having to cope with dramatic fluctuations in supply.\u003cbr/\u003eThe solution lies in water banking says Lance Johnson, manager of the Madera Irrigation District:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Water banking is a process by which we allow our surplus supplies to percolate into the ground. It is then stored in the ground with little or no loss as compared to a lake someplace.\"\u003cbr/\u003eGrowing populations in the Western United States - and increased demands for water - are creating tensions with farmers in the sunshine state.\u003cbr/\u003eIn California's Central Valley, green pastures and ponds full of aquatic life sit alongside expanses of arid land and dusty roads.\u003cbr/\u003eThe water in these canals and ponds has been brought in through creeks and irrigation canals in a new project that will store water in an underground aquifer for use in drier years.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Madera Irrigation District is one of several bodies looking to store surplus water from years with high rainfall as it pours down from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains. \u003cbr/\u003eFrequent droughts in the region can wreak havoc on agriculture and cause disputes between farmers and residential communities. \u003cbr/\u003eWet years tend to come in two or three of every ten, a surplus can cause flooding and wasted resources. To even out the flow, farmers are finding ways to storing surplus water in underground aquifers.\u003cbr/\u003eExtensive environmental reviews required the creation of vernal pools like this one - it may look like a sandy stretch of land, but in the rain it fills with water and aquatic life.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Madera, Lance Johnson has been working for years to get the permits needed to recharge a regional aquifer for future use. The process required buying up a well-located neighbouring ranch. \u003cbr/\u003e\"It's a very important part of what we need to do in our state because we do have these particularly wet years when we have access to supplies, that at the particular time they are occurring we don't have demand for, and so to conserve those supplies as we are now here, we can bank those supplies for future use.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIt sounds simple and logical but the proposal is fraught with problems.\u003cbr/\u003eRecharging an aquifer isn't quite like pouring water into a cup or filling a swimming pool - aquifers can, and do, lose water to surrounding soil.\u003cbr/\u003eThere's also the risk of contamination and potential for ownership disputes over a very slippery commodity.\u003cbr/\u003eWho owns the water could be a big issue.\u003cbr/\u003eA water market is another potential grey area - storing water with the intention of investment and future sale is not permitted in California, but water rights holders can generally buy and sell their usage rights when they have a temporary surplus.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Sacramento, the State Water Resources Control Board issues water permits and licenses and tracks the state's surface water flows. The laws are complex - licenses can be subdivided, and can allow for storage, transport, or temporary use of water. \u003cbr/\u003eRegulation of water supply is still pretty muddy says Dave Clegern of the State Water Resources Control Board:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Groundwater is not regulated very tightly in California. In fact it's barely regulated in California. And, people have been pumping water out of the ground for years to supplement water they can't get on the surface during droughts. As a result those aquifers are drained down considerably. So from an environmental standpoint it makes sense to put water back into the aquifer because it frankly affects water quality. As your water goes down you get more concentrated chemicals and minerals and those sorts of things and the water simply becomes unusable after a while.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDespite the problems, Clegern believes it's a plan worth pursuing:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The other reason it is at least popular to talk about it right now is that it's a storage issue. Building dams is very expensive, siting reservoirs is an extremely long process, and the aquifers are there. So, pumping water into the aquifer and pumping it back out makes a lot of sense, if you're in the pumping business.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBuzz Thompson, director of the Woods Institute for the Environment, says that given all the alternatives, groundwater banking is the best option for water storage. But all the outstanding problems need to be sorted out he says:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There are questions about other people pumping the groundwater out, there's the possibility that you try to pump more water out than you've actually been able to store and not lose. There are economic issues and there are environmental issues. All of those need to be addressed if we're going to make groundwater banking work.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAs certain as the rain falls, drought will follow in California and, in the thirsty sunshine state, demand for water is going to continue to rise.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator 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