{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A herbal medicine programme cut the Brazilian drugs bill' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf61d8eafeecae142b5d' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf61d8eafeecae142b5d' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA herbal medicine programme cut the Brazilian drugs bill\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eRio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20 July  20081. Mid shot pan off men in laboratory coats harvesting leaves2. Close up of leaves in container3. Wide pan off passing van to Atlantic Forest Campus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation4 Wide of agronomists...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eRio de Janeiro, Brazil, 20 July  2008\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid shot pan off men in laboratory coats harvesting leaves\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of leaves in container\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide pan off passing van to Atlantic Forest Campus, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation\u003cbr/\u003e4 Wide of agronomists walking through forest\u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), Valerio Morelli, Agronomist (shot very wide pointing to surrounding area)\u003cbr/\u003e\"Here you have the planting areas separated by rows of native forest, rows of refuge\".\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of Valerio examining Pata de Vaca (Brazilian Orchid Tree, Bahuinia forficata) and Crajirďż˝ (Arrabidea Chica)\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), Valerio Morelli, Agronomist  (soundbite starts pan up from plant)\u003cbr/\u003e\"They are planted together because this one will grow and this one will fixate on it, that's the arrangement\".\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide pan left of men tilling soil to men harvesting leaves.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up of sign with plant's name  Crajirďż˝ (Arrabidea Chica)\u003cbr/\u003e10. Low mid shot of men in laboratory sorting through leaves \u003cbr/\u003e11. Top mid shot of men putting leaves into giant tea-bag \u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up of giant tea bag being put into water\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up of dye being poured out into glass flask\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of Dr. Roberto Boorhem examining a patient\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), Dr. Roberto Boorhem, President, Brazilian Institute of Medicinal Plants. \u003cbr/\u003e\"The source of new molecules for the treatment of diseases, many of which have no treatment, even with all the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences, there are many diseases for which we still have no treatment. And there are other diseases like cancer, that do have treatment but it is very aggressive and phyto-therapics (plant therapies) are used as a supporting treatment, increasing the efficiency of the drugs used against cancer and reducing adverse effects\".\u003cbr/\u003e16. UPSOUND: (Portuguese),  medium wide of Lila Mesquita pointing to and naming plants in her herbal garden \u003cbr/\u003e\" This here is Boldo. This is good for the liver, when the person has had a lot to drink with a few leaves they make a great tea\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of Mesquita walking across garden \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), Lila Mesquita, consumer of traditional plant medicine \u003cbr/\u003e\"My grandmother was a midwife and she knew many herbs. She could faith heal a bad tooth and she taught us how these things were made\". \u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid shot Mesquita preparing herbal tea \u003cbr/\u003e20. Mid close of pot with herbs \u003cbr/\u003e21. Mid shot of Mesquita pouring out tea and talking\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close up of Mesquita drinking with appreciation and talking \u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid shot of technician pouring liquid into bottles at lRafael de Paula Sousa Hospital laboratory \u003cbr/\u003e24. Close up of liquid being poured into medicine bottle\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close up of medicine label reading \"Curcuma tincture\" (extract) for t arthritis, abdominal pain, arteriosclerosis\u003cbr/\u003e26. Pan of woman in medicine storage room \u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of medicine bottles \u003cbr/\u003e28. Close up of arnica cream in woman's hand \u003cbr/\u003e29. Mid shot of Helene Amorim showing Brazilian Arnica plant (Solidago chilensis)\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close up of Calendula flower, calendula oficinalis)\u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), pan from plant to Helene Amorim, Manager of Phytotherapy Program \u003cbr/\u003e\"We know that allopathic drugs are beneficial but when you look at the leaflet you see the number of collateral effects, so depending on the disease, you can treat it with something that is not as aggressive to your system\".\u003cbr/\u003e32. Tilt up to mid shot of workers checking plants\u003cbr/\u003e33. Close up of orange flower in hand with worker in background\u003cbr/\u003e34. Wide of workers and plants \u003cbr/\u003e35. Medium close of worker stacking plants in crate\u003cbr/\u003e36. Wide pan down from  Embauba (Cecropia) tree to worker plucking leaves\u003cbr/\u003e37. Close up of worker holding leaves\u003cbr/\u003e38. Tilt up of aloe vera plants\u003cbr/\u003e39. Close up of sap being squeezed out of aloe vera stem\u003cbr/\u003e40. Mid shot of man walking and kneeling at Lemon Grass plant\u003cbr/\u003e41. SOUNDBITE: (Portuguese), Adriano Queiroz, Agricultural technician\u003cbr/\u003e\"The problem is that many people get confused and take Citronella tea thinking it is Lemon Grass.\"\u003cbr/\u003e42. Tilt up from plant to men working in herbal garden.\u003cbr/\u003e43. Close up of .\u003cbr/\u003e44. Workers handling seedlings of medicinal plants.\u003cbr/\u003e45. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Helene Amorim, Manager of Phytotherapy (holding a Comfrey leaf ((Symphytum oficinalis))\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is hepatotoxic and causes cirrhosis of the liver. It is used only on wounds and it's healing power is so strong it shouldn't be used on open wounds\".\u003cbr/\u003e46. Mid shot of patients in waiting room at Rafael de Paula Sousa Hospital\u003cbr/\u003e47. Close up of medicine being placed at dispensary with prescription \u003cbr/\u003e48. Medium close up of mother and children in waiting room\u003cbr/\u003e49. Close up of prescription being written\u003cbr/\u003e50. Wide of doctor talking to patient \u003cbr/\u003eDoctors are beginning to exploit the huge potential of Brazil's biodiversity to produce medicines for the country's public health system. \u003cbr/\u003eThey want the herbal medicine programme to become a crucial part of their public health system, as well as boosting family agriculture, lowering drug development costs and establishing new sources for medicines.\u003cbr/\u003eDeep in the forest near Rio de Janeiro these scientists are hoping to re-vamp their health system, making medicines cheap and plentiful.\u003cbr/\u003eNot with lasers and sophisticated electronic gadgets, but by developing powerful natural medicines which are abundant in Brazil's famous Amazon rainforest.\u003cbr/\u003ePlants like these have formed the basis for many of the synthetic medicines that are produced by pharmaceutical giants around the world today. \u003cbr/\u003eHere at the Farmanguinhos State Laboratory, local farmers are learning how to cultivate on a mass scale, over seventy specially selected species of plant to be transformed into medicines.\u003cbr/\u003eThese plants are part of the the National Programme of Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapeutics which was launched last December. \u003cbr/\u003eAgricultural scientist Valerio Morelli is part of the research team which is working with the farmers.\u003cbr/\u003eHe shows how special areas of are earmarked for certain plants which rely on being close to each other to thrive.\u003cbr/\u003eMorelli says a barrier of tall trees helps attract birds which prey on insects, this aids fertilisation.\u003cbr/\u003eThe plants have to be produced without pesticides so species are planted in groups or pairs to spur on the fertilisation process, so the Pata de Vaca tree (Brazilian Orchid Tree) is planted next to the Crajiru vine (Arrabidea chica) from the Amazon. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Crajiru is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory for problems like acne, intestinal colic, anaemia and leukaemia.\u003cbr/\u003eDespite the fact that traditional drugs like this have been used for many years, scientists must ensure they are safe and prescribed in the right doses.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly then can they be nationally distributed through the public health system.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Roberto Boorhem of the Brazilian Institute of Medicinal Plants says these plants may provide us with a new source of molecules which could one day form the basis of medicines to treat incurable diseases.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says they can also be used to boost efficiency of the drugs used against cancer, by reducing side effects.\u003cbr/\u003eKnowledge of this type of traditional, or folk medicine, has been passed on by word of mouth through generations of families.\u003cbr/\u003eEighty year old Lila Mesquita has spent half her life planting and selling medicinal plants at street markets and her family is producing them for the government program.\u003cbr/\u003eMesquita says she learned how to use these plants through her grandmother who was a midwife and traditional healer. \u003cbr/\u003eShe still keeps dozens of plants in her garden for her own use and makes her own herbal tea from a mixture of plants which she claims prevents heart attacks.\u003cbr/\u003e350 of Brazil's 5,500 local government municipalities have their own medicinal plant programs. \u003cbr/\u003eLocals in Rio de Janeiro have been producing herbal remedies since 1992. \u003cbr/\u003eThis laboratory at Rafael de Paula Sousa Municipal Hospital cultivates twenty-one plants for the production of herbal extracts and this has helped slash the cost of public health here.\u003cbr/\u003eThe local pharmacy makes products such as Curcuma tincture which is used against arthritis, abdominal pain and arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries). \u003cbr/\u003eArnica Cream is used to heal bruises.\u003cbr/\u003eHelene Amorim, who heads Rio's Medicinal Plants program argues that medicinal plants are less aggressive than regular drugs and she claims they have fewer side affects.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to researchers here, natural substances in plant medicines are assimilated by the human body more easily than synthetic ones.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Hospital's herb garden at Fazenda Modelo produces seedlings which, in turn, are distributed to other health centres and hospitals.\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the plants used here is Pot Marigold or Calendula oficinalis, a natural anti-inflammatory used in ancient India and Greece.\u003cbr/\u003eTechnicians here use it to manufacture a skin cream.\u003cbr/\u003eA local farmer crops leaves from the Embauba a tree commonly found in all regions of tropical forests and it's the first to struggle to grow back after deforestation. \u003cbr/\u003eAn extract from these leaves is used in medicines to tackle hypertension, edema, stress and anxiety.\u003cbr/\u003eThese spiky plants are a well-known form of Aloe vera is used in a public hospital in Rio for the treatment of first and second degree burns. The gel inhibits the growth of several bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessionals warn against the indiscriminate use of these remedies. \u003cbr/\u003eSome are easily mistaken for each other such as Lemon Grass and Citronella. \u003cbr/\u003eOther plants can be extremely poisonous and must only be used externally, as for example with Comfrey which heals wounds, but is highly toxic if consumed and can cause cirrhosis.\u003cbr/\u003eIn November 2008 the World Health Organisation recommended the integration of traditional medicine into national health systems.\u003cbr/\u003eThe herbal medicine programme at the Rafael de Paula e Sousa hospital has run for seventeen years and offers a full range of  remedies from it's public dispensary. \u003cbr/\u003eBut not all doctors are fully trained and only a minority are able to prescribe plant medicines.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' 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