{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Waste kiwifruit used to make cutlery' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf49d8eafeecae141ff5' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf49d8eafeecae141ff5' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nWaste kiwifruit used to make cutlery\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionTe Puke, North Island - 8 November 20101. Wide of giant kiwifruit slice sculpture at roadside 2. Tilt down across stand selling kiwifruit and utensils 3. Wide of kiwifruit gift shop 4. Close of kiwifruit food products 5....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eTe Puke, North Island - 8 November 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of giant kiwifruit slice sculpture at roadside \u003cbr/\u003e2. Tilt down across stand selling kiwifruit and utensils \u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of kiwifruit gift shop \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of kiwifruit food products \u003cbr/\u003e5. Various of kiwifruit toiletries and jewellery \u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of customers in shop \u003cbr/\u003e7. Close of kiwifruit soap and night cream\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eRotorua, North Island - 8 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr Alan Fernyhough, Scion Senior Scientist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We did a survey several years ago of the major biomass streams in New Zealand that could potentially be used for bioplastics, or as an additive to bioplastics. And we identified kiwifruit as one of the largest, locally at least; almost 50,000 tonnes every year of kiwifruit residues in this region.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eAuckland, North Island - 11 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of kiwifruit being sliced open \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of kiwifruit on plate \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television   \u003cbr/\u003eTe Puke, North Island - 8 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide of kiwifruit orchard \u003cbr/\u003e12. Various of kiwifruit trees in orchard \u003cbr/\u003e13. Various of seasonal worker picking fruit buds in orchard \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television  \u003cbr/\u003eRotorua, North Island - 8 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide of entrance to Scion research centre \u003cbr/\u003e15. Close of sign reading (English): Scion \u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of kiwifruits in bag \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close of kiwifruits next to 'spife' utensils made of kiwifruit bioplastics \u003cbr/\u003e18. Tilt up across Fernyhough and Scion Scientist Dr Martin Markotsis looking at bioplastic products on table \u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of Fernyhough and Markotsis holding spifes \u003cbr/\u003e20. Tilt up from spifes on table to jars of bioplastic pellets and dried kiwifruit \u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr Martin Markotsis, Scion Scientist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"To get from a kiwifruit to a spife, there are a lot of issues in conventional plastics processing, with the fact that the kiwifruit's a wet biomass, and so we've looked at different processes here at Scion to work a solution, despite the initial apparent drawbacks of a wet, slushy biomass or fruit.\" \u003cbr/\u003e22. Wide of bioplastic processing machine \u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid of researcher pouring pellets into machine \u003cbr/\u003e24. Various of lengths of bioplastic being produced on machine \u003cbr/\u003e25. Close of researcher handling bioplastic pellets produced by machine \u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr Martin Markotsis, Scion Scientist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We've developed a process to take the fruit residues, the whole fruit, skins, or kiwifruit hairs, extrude them with existing bioplastics and some additives that we've developed here to create a plastically process-able material that can be extruded on conventional extruders or then injection moulded, as the current spifes are injection moulded.\" \u003cbr/\u003e27. Various of spifes and other bioplastic products on table \u003cbr/\u003e28. Close of Markotsis holding spife \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eAuckland, North Island - 11 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close of sliced kiwifruit on plate \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eRotorua, North Island - 8 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr Alan Fernyhough, Scion Senior Scientist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"Using a plastic or an ingredient that is more locally sourced, and is also a residue, then there are added advantages there. Because in New Zealand all plastics are imported, so that has carbon miles attached to it, as well as a cost disadvantage, so the more we can source our plastics or our ingredients for plastics locally, means the fact that we've got less reliance on those that are imported from a long distance. So there are advantages there from a transport and carbon miles basis, but also the fact that we're using renewable resources, which has an inherent advantage over non-renewable, higher carbon technologies.\" \u003cbr/\u003e31. Mid of researcher pouring plastic pellets into moulding machine \u003cbr/\u003e32. Various of researcher keying commands into machine \u003cbr/\u003e33. Various of machine producing plastic shapes \u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr Alan Fernyhough, Scion Senior Scientist: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The whole plastics industry globally is about 250 million tonnes. Less than one per cent today are bioplastics, so it is really small. But by 2020 the forecast growth is to be at least 20 per cent, some forecasts are 30 per cent. Almost a third of the plastics people are saying in about 10 or 15 years' time will be bioplastic. That is a huge growth from something that is just one per cent or less today.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eAuckland, North Island - 11 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e35. Various of kiwifruit on plate \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eTe Puke, North Island - 8 November 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e36. Pull out to wide of giant kiwifruit slice at roadside \u003cbr/\u003eA New Zealand company is making use of waste kiwifruit material, by turning it into plastic utensils. \u003cbr/\u003eThe unwanted section of fruit is mixed with other bioplastic ingredients to produce fully biodegradable gadgets, which don't harm the environment. \u003cbr/\u003eThe kiwifruit is one of New Zealand's national icons, and the Bay of Plenty on the east coast of the North Island is the country's biggest growing region. \u003cbr/\u003eThe town of Te Puke (PRON: Tay Pookay), which describes itself as the kiwifruit capital of the world, welcomes tourists with a giant kiwifruit next to the road, and a dedicated visitor centre. \u003cbr/\u003eFood and beauty products, souvenirs and jewellery are sold alongside the fruit itself. \u003cbr/\u003eBut while New Zealanders are cashing in on the export and novelty value of the kiwi, the region also faces the problem of what to do with its fruit waste. \u003cbr/\u003eAround 50,000 tonnes of waste kiwifruit residues are produced each year in the Bay of Plenty, a mushy mess of flesh, skin and hair that has until now proved hard to recycle.\u003cbr/\u003eNow scientists have found a potential new use for the unwanted fruit by turning it into plastic. \u003cbr/\u003eResearch into the use of kiwifruit as an ingredient in bioplastics is taking place at Scion, a government institute located in the region's major city, Rotorua. \u003cbr/\u003eDr Alan Fernyhough, a senior scientist and leader of the Biopolymer and Green Chemical Technologies Team at Scion, says that kiwifruit was found to be a locally plentiful and potentially useful component in bioplastics. \u003cbr/\u003e\"We did a survey several years ago of the major biomass streams in New Zealand that could potentially be used for bioplastics, or as an additive to bioplastics. And we identified kiwifruit as one of the largest, locally at least; almost 50,000 tonnes every year of kiwifruit residues in this region.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe kiwifruit is native to China, and was introduced to New Zealand in the early 1900's. \u003cbr/\u003eOriginally known as the Chinese gooseberry, marketers renamed it the kiwifruit after the Kiwi, a flightless native bird that is the national symbol of the country.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2007 there were 13,250 hectares (32,700 acres) of kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand, according to the Ministry of Agriculture. \u003cbr/\u003eBut some of the harvested fruit is not suitable for export, leaving a large amount of waste, including whole fruits, skins and other residues. \u003cbr/\u003eThe world's largest marketer of kiwifruit, New-Zealand based Zespri, contacted Scion researchers about the possibility of finding a use for the waste fruit in bioplastics production. \u003cbr/\u003eZespri sells kiwifruit in more than 60 countries and was keen to improve the carbon footprint of its products. \u003cbr/\u003eIn particular, Zespri was interested in developing a kiwifruit bioplastic version of the half-spoon-half-knife utensil it distributes with packs of kiwifruit, to replace the petrochemical-based, conventional plastic design currently in use. \u003cbr/\u003eThe utensil, known as a 'spife', allows customers to cut a kiwifruit using the implement's knife handle and eat it using the spoon end of the product. \u003cbr/\u003eBioplastics have a lower environmental impact than oil derived plastics, and can be both compostable and recyclable. \u003cbr/\u003eFinding a way that kiwifruit residues could be incorporated into existing bioplastics and processed on traditional equipment was the first challenge, according to Scion scientist Dr Martin Markotsis. \u003cbr/\u003e\"To get from a kiwifruit to a spife, there are a lot of issues in conventional plastics processing, with the fact that the kiwifruit is a wet biomass, and so we've looked at different processes here at Scion to work a solution despite the initial apparent drawbacks of a wet, slushy biomass or fruit,\" he says.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe most common bioplastic base is polylactic acid (PLA) which was developed from corn residues in the USA , where there are large amounts of excess corn. \u003cbr/\u003eScientists at Scion found that it was possible to use kiwifruit residues for plastic production in two different ways. \u003cbr/\u003eFirstly, kiwifruit can be turned into bioplastic polymers through various treatment processes, and added to other bioplastics such as PLA to make new formulations. \u003cbr/\u003eAlternatively, the fruit can be converted through chemical or microbial processes to make fillers or fibres for use in other plastics, including both conventional plastics and commercially available bioplastics. \u003cbr/\u003eThe bioplastics processing machinery developed by Scion researchers allows plant ingredients, such as kiwifruit and wood fibres, to be incorporated into existing bioplastics. \u003cbr/\u003eDifferent bioplastic components are mixed together and turned into lengths of plastic, which the machine dries and turns into pellets. \u003cbr/\u003eThese plastically processable pellets can then be injection moulded, thermoformed or made into films. \u003cbr/\u003eMarkotsis says that it's now possible to incorporate kiwifruit into the production line. \u003cbr/\u003e\"We've developed a process to take the fruit residues, the whole fruit, skins, or kiwifruit hairs, extrude them with existing bioplastics and some additives that we've developed here to create a plastically process-able material that can be extruded on conventional extruders or then injection moulded, as the current spifes are injection moulded.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThese bioplastic spifes, or biospifes, which have been produced using kiwifruit, are not yet commercially available. \u003cbr/\u003eBut Zespri plans to begin customer trials and incorporate them into kiwifruit packs in the near future. \u003cbr/\u003eThe company hopes that the unusual appearance of the biospife, which has flecks of kiwifruit material visible in the plastic, will appeal to customers, along with its compostable eco-friendly design. \u003cbr/\u003eThe biospife can break down in two months in an industrial composting facility, and will also biodegrade in garden compost at a slower rate. \u003cbr/\u003eAlthough much of the world's bioplastic research is taking place in the USA , there is also particular interest in the technology in New Zealand . \u003cbr/\u003eFernyhough believes New Zealand companies could become increasingly focussed on locally produced plastics rather than having to import materials from overseas. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Using a plastic or an ingredient that is more locally sourced, and is also a residue, then there are added advantages there. Because in New Zealand all plastics are imported, so that has carbon miles attached to it, as well as a cost disadvantage, so the more we can source our plastics or our ingredients for plastics locally, means the fact that we've got less reliance on those that are imported from a long distance. So there are advantages there from a transport and carbon miles basis, but also the fact that we're using renewable resources, which has an inherent advantage over non-renewable, higher carbon technologies,\" he says.  \u003cbr/\u003eAt present, bioplastic products make up a tiny fraction of the global plastics market. \u003cbr/\u003eBut with increasing interest in eco-friendly, compostable alternatives to traditional non-biodegradable plastics, Fernyhough says the bioplastic industry is set to grow rapidly over the next decade. \u003cbr/\u003e\"The whole plastics industry globally is about 250 million tonnes. Less than one per cent today are bioplastics, so it is really small. But by 2020 the forecast growth is to be at least 20 per cent, some forecasts are 30 per cent. Almost a third of the plastics people are saying in about 10 or 15 years' time will be bioplastics. That is a huge growth from something that is just one per cent or less today.\" \u003cbr/\u003eWhile the kiwifruit bioplastic project was inspired by a specific request to create an environmentally friendly spife, it has fast-tracked the development of Scion's technology which allows waste fruit to be turned into plastic. \u003cbr/\u003eDesigners hope that other conventional plastic items used in kiwifruit growing and packaging will eventually be replaced by biodegradable or renewable bioplastic alternatives made from the fruit itself. \u003cbr/\u003ewacky\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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