{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Brazil\u0026#39;s efforts to cut illegal logging' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf2bd8eafeecae1411a7' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bf2bd8eafeecae1411a7' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nBrazil\u0026#39;s efforts to cut illegal logging\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP Television Brazilian Amazon, September 6, 20091. Aerial shots, Amazon forest. Zoom revealing loggers roads in the forest.2. Truck carrying large logs on forest dirt road.3. Tractor carrying log in sawmill.4. Men piling wooden pieces...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eBrazilian Amazon, September 6, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Aerial shots, Amazon forest. Zoom revealing loggers roads in the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e2. Truck carrying large logs on forest dirt road.\u003cbr/\u003e3. Tractor carrying log in sawmill.\u003cbr/\u003e4. Men piling wooden pieces in sawmill.\u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Lucio Costa, President, Loggers Union of Altamira:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Fifty percent of the movement is finished. Because a task force came here giving the impression that all the people who live here are bandits.\"\u003cbr/\u003e6. Police cars moving inside sawmill court in Altamira.\u003cbr/\u003e7. Policemen walking up to sawmill.\u003cbr/\u003e8. Pan, sawmill with camouflaged policemen standing guard.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Men in forest cutting down tree.\u003cbr/\u003e10. Another tree falling in the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e11. Tropical Forest Institute base camp in forest in Par� state. Paragominas county.\u003cbr/\u003e12. Men wearing orange shirts in Tropical Forest Institute base camp.\u003cbr/\u003e13. Director Jonah Zweede addressing students.\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Jonah Zweede, Executive Director, Tropical Forest Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\" We have to change the way people think. The forest is a natural resource and can be used and reused if well managed.\"\u003cbr/\u003e15. Group of men watching a man with chainsaw cutting tree. This is a lesson of the recycling course for chainsaw operators.\u003cbr/\u003e16. Another angle, man cutting tree.\u003cbr/\u003e17. Tree falls in the forest.\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Arivaldo Souza, Chainsaw Operation Instructor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Instead of us bringing down those two thicker trees we knocked down this smaller one, causing less damage to the forest.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Group of men examine fallen tree (and each gives a degree to the chainsaw operator, in this case 9) .\u003cbr/\u003e20. Forest engineer showing map of management plan where all trees are mapped.\u003cbr/\u003e21. Man measuring tree diameter.\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close measuring tape.\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of metal plate with number nailed to tree.\u003cbr/\u003e24. Skidder tractor coming out of the forest dragging a big log.\u003cbr/\u003e25. Tractor piling up logs.\u003cbr/\u003e26. Another kind of tractor opening road in the forest. Earth is moved.\u003cbr/\u003e27. Tilt down, same tractor opening road.\u003cbr/\u003e28. Another angle, same tractor.\u003cbr/\u003e29. Tractor opening clearing for storage of logs.\u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Luiz Carlos Joels, Director, Brazilian Forest Service:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The existence of these techniques allows the government to favour this activity as the best alternative at the moment to give value to the standing forest. And only by giving value to the standing forest can we avoid it being destroyed, deforested, converted in areas for cattle ranching or for agriculture.\"\u003cbr/\u003e31. Pan showing large clearing with abandoned logs.\u003cbr/\u003e32. Tilt down, same.\u003cbr/\u003e33. Man in red shirt by hollow logs, pointing to hole.\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Marco Lentini, Director, Tropical Forest Institute: \u003cbr/\u003e\"This a typical situation in conventional logging where they didn't test to see whether the tree was hollow and they only realised when they brought it out of the forest. This type of tree using proper management, should not have been cut, it should be standing there in the forest\".\u003cbr/\u003e35. Hand on computer monitor showing satellite image of forest area logged without proper management.\u003cbr/\u003e36. SOUNDBITE (Portuguese) Andr� Monteiro, Forest Engineer, Imazon:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Here you have larger openings in the canopy due to lack of proper planning, which doesn't happen for example (he changes the image on the monitor and points with his hand) in a case where forest management is used.\"\u003cbr/\u003e37. Close up of hand showing satellite image of forest exploited using forest management.  UPSOUND: (Portuguese) Andr� Monteiro: \"It's much less compared to predatory logging.\"\u003cbr/\u003e38. Aerial shots, Amazon forest.\u003cbr/\u003eMore than 6 million trees are illegally felled each year in the Brazilian rain forest according to the Amazon Institute of People and the Environment (Imazon).\u003cbr/\u003eSince February 2009 the Brazilian government has stepped up its efforts to decrease deforestation which causes 20% of greenhouse gas emissions. \u003cbr/\u003eSeen from the air the Brazilian Amazon rain forest might look like an unending dense mass of green.\u003cbr/\u003eBut more careful observation reveals roads and degradation. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Amazon rain forest spreads across nine nations in South America.  \u003cbr/\u003eOne of the new 7 Wonders of Nature, it is the lungs of the earth and home to a multitude of animal and plant life. \u003cbr/\u003eOne of the most biodiverse regions in the world, it guards against climate change by absorbing CO2 and maintaining geochemical cycles.\u003cbr/\u003eBut it's also an important natural resource for humans - and as such is suffering from deforestation on a massive scale.\u003cbr/\u003eMore than 155,000 square kilometres of Amazonian rainforest in Brazil have been cleared for timber and/or agricultural land since the start of the century. \u003cbr/\u003eEvery year, around 1.8m hectares are destroyed.\u003cbr/\u003eWithout its valuable trees, the forest is deemed worthless. \u003cbr/\u003eDegradation makes the forest vulnerable to fire. Transforming it into cattle pasture is usually the next step.\u003cbr/\u003ePredatory selective logging puts the forest one step away from total destruction. \u003cbr/\u003eIn February 2008 the Brazilian government set in motion a tough campaign to deter illegal destruction of the Amazon forest. \u003cbr/\u003eFederal and environmental police crews went around the Amazon targeting irregular logging operations, issuing fines and closing down illegal sawmills. \u003cbr/\u003eA new web based tracking system made life more difficult for loggers. \u003cbr/\u003eBut illegal logging continues in the Amazon, despite government efforts.  \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Imazon 6.2 million trees are felled each year. \u003cbr/\u003eThis figure does not include the trees felled by clear-cutting the forest. \u003cbr/\u003eAround 1.3 million hectares of forest were razed last year (3.2 million acres).\u003cbr/\u003eLegal logging, which presently amounts to roughly 10 to 15 percent of all logging, consists of the use of proper sustainable forest management techniques. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile illegal logging practices normally remove all valuable trees from a certain area at one time, sustainable logging will first map all the trees and only remove part of them, leaving behind younger, valuable trees and mother trees. \u003cbr/\u003eA new harvest will take place only 35 yeas later at the same location. \u003cbr/\u003eBy then, the forest will have grown and smaller trees will have reached a larger diameter.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Tropical Forest Institute is a Brazilian NGO founded in 2002 by Dutch forest engineer Johan Zweede. \u003cbr/\u003ePart of its remit is teaching hands-on forest management. \u003cbr/\u003eAbout 300 students take one week courses here every year. \u003cbr/\u003eThe institute is helping the Brazilian government set in motion its sustainable forest concession plan. \u003cbr/\u003eGovernment employees, technical school students, forest engineers and even chainsaw operators also receive training here. \u003cbr/\u003eA group of chainsaw operators from Cikel, a company that practices sustainable logging, are here on a recycling course. \u003cbr/\u003eEach man is responsible for picking a less destructive direction for the tree to fall. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is achieved through special cutting techniques. \u003cbr/\u003eA hinge results directing the fall. \u003cbr/\u003eInstructor Arivaldo Souza shows two trees that were spared. Only a smaller one succumbed. \u003cbr/\u003eAll vines and lianas were cut many months before, avoiding even more destruction.\u003cbr/\u003eAfterwards the group gives the student a grade, in this case a nine. \u003cbr/\u003eAll trees have been previously mapped and identified. \u003cbr/\u003eOne hectare of Amazon forest can harbour up to 200 or more species, but only about 40 species of trees are considered as having commercial value. \u003cbr/\u003eOnly about six or seven individuals are removed in each hectare. \u003cbr/\u003eAn inventory identifies all commercial trees measuring more than 35 centimetres in diameter.\u003cbr/\u003eA small metal plate with a number is attached to each tree. Only trees larger than 45 centimetres can be felled, by law.\u003cbr/\u003eThe most destructive part of the operation is the retrieval of the trees from the forest. \u003cbr/\u003eLow impact logging uses pre established paths. \u003cbr/\u003eThe skidder tractor lifts one end of the log, to cause less damage to the forest. All logs are stored in a small clearing that should not exceed 20 by 25 meters. \u003cbr/\u003eSmaller roads are opened to a main road, taking care not to dig deeply into the soil, causing destruction of the roots. T\u003cbr/\u003eThese roads will be used by the trucks that carry the logs to the sawmills. \u003cbr/\u003eRoads built by predatory loggers are often irregular and follow erratic directions. \u003cbr/\u003eClearings are much larger than considered necessary by low impact loggers. \u003cbr/\u003eOften tractor operators drag trees with no commercial value that end up being abandoned. \u003cbr/\u003eTypically, illegal loggers do not check whether trees are hollow and valuable seed trees end up dying needlessly.\u003cbr/\u003ePredatory logging causes about twice as much damage as low impact management. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Brazilian Space Institute and the NGO Imazon (Amazon Institute of People and the Environment) have started to quantify forest degradation though satellite images. \u003cbr/\u003eBoth kinds of logging can now be identified through the satellite images. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Brazilian government has started issuing forest concessions for low impact logging. \u003cbr/\u003eLoggers will not own the land, but will have the right to use it for timber extraction in 40 year periods. \u003cbr/\u003eEnvironmental, organisations such as Greenpeace support the project as a way to control public lands in the Amazon and fight land swindlers. \u003cbr/\u003eUntil now only one concession has been issued, the 140 000 hectare National Forest of Jamari in the state of Rondonia. \u003cbr/\u003eLast July, the government announced that 2.7 million hectares of public forest will be included in the concession programme until 2010. \u003cbr/\u003eThis will increase the availability of legal timber from the current 75 000 to 840 000 cubic metes until the end of next year. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Luiz Carlos Joels, Director of the Brazilian Forest Service, this is the best alternative at the moment to give value to the forest and avoid its complete destruction. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Brazilian Forest Service was created in 2006 to manage the concession of public 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