{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Decline of apple forests threatens cultivated wild strains' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beefd8eafeecae13f69b' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beefd8eafeecae13f69b' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nDecline of apple forests threatens cultivated wild strains\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eZailiyski Alatau mountains, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, 19 September 20091. Wide of Zailiyski Alatau mountains2. Various wides of wild apple forest3. Mid shot wild apple trees4. Close up fallen apples (malus sieversii)Kazakh Botanical...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eZailiyski Alatau mountains, Almaty Region, Kazakhstan, 19 September 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Zailiyski Alatau mountains\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various wides of wild apple forest\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid shot wild apple trees\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close up fallen apples (malus sieversii)\u003cbr/\u003eKazakh Botanical Institute, Almaty, Kazakhstan, 22 September 2009\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide Botanical Institute\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid shot laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close up apple samples\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (Russian) Tatyana Salova, Botanist, Kazakh Botanical Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Selectionists from America and Europe have been cross-breeding closely related varieties, which has led to resulting varieties losing their resistance to diseases. Now, for instance, gardens are (chemically) sprayed up to thirty times (a season). Who needs that? Neither the producers nor the consumers.\"\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up apple in tree\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide apple pickers and apple tree (malus sieversii)\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close up apple picking\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid shot man picking apple, tilt down to apple box\u003cbr/\u003e13. Mid shot man with box of apples\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close up man putting box in back of van\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close up van door closing\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid shot van\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide shot apple orchard\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid shot apple tree and mountains\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid shot cow\u003cbr/\u003e20. Mid shot apples in tree \u003cbr/\u003e21. Close up apples in tree\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (Russian) Tatyana Salova, Botanist, Kazakh Botanical Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\"They now need to be restored artificially, that is by planting clone varieties that have been selected in the same wild forests, grown and returned back there. So if we do this, we'll preserve the forest in the central part of the region, if we don't do it, the forest is doomed to extinction.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAlmaty, Kazakhstan, 1 October 2009\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide shot city \u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid shot house\u003cbr/\u003eAlmaty Zilyony Market, 1 October 2009\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide shot market\u003cbr/\u003e26. Various accordion player\u003cbr/\u003e27. Close up apple seller UPSOUND (Russian) : \"Majestic, Almaty aports!\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid shot apple seller with shopper\u003cbr/\u003e29. Close up apples being put in bag (aport apples)\u003cbr/\u003e30. Tracking shot apples on market stall\u003cbr/\u003e31. Close shot apples and price tag\u003cbr/\u003eThe orchards of Kazakhstan hold the original wild strains from which all cultivated apples are believed to be descended. \u003cbr/\u003eBut fears are growing that the wild apple forests of the Zailiyski Alatau mountain range will die out, and with them their gene pool.\u003cbr/\u003eLike an orchard of Eden, southern Kazakhstan is home to the progenitor of all modern apple trees. \u003cbr/\u003eThe species, known as Malus sieversii, also grows in China, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, but only in Kazakhstan have wild apple forests survived. \u003cbr/\u003eSome of the trees are many decades old, but they still produce fruit. \u003cbr/\u003eAt just a few centimetres in diameter, the Malus sieversii species produces apples that are quite small.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut they have a delicious aroma and flavour. \u003cbr/\u003eRussian travellers in the 19th century were astonished to find apple orchards when they came to the area. \u003cbr/\u003eLater, Russian and Kazakh experts claimed that the apples could be the original fruit of all modern types. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter being domesticated, the apples would have spread along the ancient trade route, the Silk Road.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 1998, an Oxford professor, Barry Juniper, took samples and made a genetic comparison between global apple species. \u003cbr/\u003eHe later concluded that all modern cultivated varieties found their genetic origins with Malus sieversii\u003cbr/\u003eAt the Kazakh Botanical Institute in Almaty city, scientists are harvesting fruit from a wild apple orchard to be documented and tested. \u003cbr/\u003eSome of their seeds will be germinated and planted to grow new apple trees. \u003cbr/\u003eBotanist Tatyana Salova says Kazakhstan's wild apples have an important role to play for apple cultivation around the world, because they can be used to develop new and healthy varieties. \u003cbr/\u003eMost domestic apples have a narrow genetic base. \u003cbr/\u003eKazakhstan's wild apples have strong resistance to drought as well as fungal infections and other illnesses.\u003cbr/\u003eBut Malus sieversii is under threat. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Kazakhstan, the wild apple forests have declined by over 70% in the last 30 years, largely due to loss of habitat from agriculture, urbanisation and climate change. \u003cbr/\u003eThe species is also at risk from genetic erosion through their grafting and hybridisation with commercial varieties. \u003cbr/\u003eTatyana Salova is concerned that while work is being done, the work to replant the forests may not be happening fast enough.\u003cbr/\u003eKazakhstan's president Nursultan Nazarbayev has recognised his country's potential as a cultivator and exporter of future varieties.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2004 he called for the protection and sustainability of the forests and orchards in the Almaty region.\u003cbr/\u003eThe government is receiving help from the Global Ecology Fund, and the United Nations Develop Programme, to replant and preserve wild apple forests. \u003cbr/\u003eAt the market in Almaty you won't find any wild apples for sale. \u003cbr/\u003eInstead locals buy Almaty's most famous variety, the aport, a bright red apple with sweet and crunchy flesh. \u003cbr/\u003eIntroduced by the Russians in the 19th century, the aport adapted well to the particular altitude and micro-climate of Almaty city, and the fruit used to grow up to a kilo in weight.\u003cbr/\u003eThese days the aports on sale are much smaller.  \u003cbr/\u003eShoppers know that the giant aport is a thing of the past, because its favoured environment, where the best orchards were found, has been lost to new housing. \u003cbr/\u003eIt is not just apples that are under threat. \u003cbr/\u003eA 'Red List of Trees' of Central Asia compiled by Flora and Fauna International, identifies dozens of tree species which face possible extinction. \u003cbr/\u003eThese include the original apricot and walnut. \u003cbr/\u003eCentral Asia is home to hundreds of varieties of fruit and nut species, from which domesticated versions were produced, and are important for the future of global food security.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=1059138\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=1216220\"\u003eAll Subjects\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Type\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\u0026amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543650\"\u003eNews Clips\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSource:\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2009\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003easia, mountains, flowering plants, plants, trees, conservation, botany, apple trees, kazakhstan, business, forests\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003eindustries, food and beverage manufacturing, science, crop farming, central asia, land features, land, environment, almaty, environment and nature, natural resource management, nursultan nazarbayev, agriculture, biology, astana\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: Decline of apple forests threatens cultivated wild strains\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"Decline of apple forests threatens cultivated wild strains\" title=\"Decline of apple forests threatens cultivated wild strains\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}