{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A genetically modified mosquito might halt the spread of maleria' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bec4d8eafeecae13e2d5' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bec4d8eafeecae13e2d5' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA genetically modified mosquito might halt the spread of maleria\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionLondon, recent1. Various mosquitoes in nets at Imperial College, London 2. Various set ups Dr. Andrea Crisanti3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Andrea Crisanti, Professor of molecular parasitology,  Biology Department, Imperial...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, recent\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various mosquitoes in nets at Imperial College, London \u003cbr/\u003e2. Various set ups Dr. Andrea Crisanti\u003cbr/\u003e3. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Andrea Crisanti, Professor of molecular parasitology,  Biology Department, Imperial College, London: \u003cbr/\u003e\"If you are looking for a different approach to control malaria you need to think of something else than insecticide and the idea was rather than eliminating mosquitoes with insecticide, we just want to replace indigenous mosquitoes with a mosquito that is very similar to the indigenous mosquito but with a modification in the genome that does not allow it to be infected by malaria parasite. So it's a mosquito that will be identical to the wild type indigenous mosquito, but not able to transmit malaria because we have modified some genes.\"\u003cbr/\u003e4. Pan Mosquitoes in nets \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, recent\u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gillian Madill, Genetic Technologies Campaigner, Friends of the Earth, Washington: \u003cbr/\u003e\"What they are doing is genetically modifying an actual living organism and changing it and releasing it into the environment, which we have no idea what the consequences will be. We have no idea what the effects on the other animals in the eco system are going to be. We have no idea that this animal isn't going to continue to evolve and change as it has over  hundreds and thousands of years it's already been in existence.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television FILE\u003cbr/\u003eZambezi River, South Africa\u003cbr/\u003e6. Lukulu Village people gathering with vaccination cards \u003cbr/\u003e7. Bag of mosquito nets and baby\u003cbr/\u003e8. Patients with malaria lying in beds\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of boy with malaria \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eWashington, recent \u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Jaydee Hanson, International Center for Technology Assessment, Washington:\u003cbr/\u003eMosquitoes don't just transmit malaria. They're food for birds. they're food for bats. They're food for fish, which we actually like having around, because birds and bats pollinate crops.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, recent\u003cbr/\u003e11. Various set-ups Tony Nolan \u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Tony Nolan, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Biology, Imperial College London  \u003cbr/\u003e\"In the past the most successful approaches against malaria have relied on interventions that focus on the mosquito, such as insecticides. Now that  insecticide resistance is a common problem we have to work on new insecticides or alternative approaches for targeting the vector population in the wild and trans-genetics is one of these. However, anything that we do in the lab - it's not guaranteed that it will be applicable in the wild and there are all sorts of controls that need to be put in place to make sure what we see in the lab we'll be seeing in the wild, so from proof of principle is one thing to putting it in the wild needs a lot of controls, carefully controlled field trials and lots more theoretical experiments before that happens.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Various Tony Nolan looking at mosquitoes under microscope\u003cbr/\u003eTanzanir, recent\u003cbr/\u003e14. Pan grass and rice paddy in village on Manyata near Arusha\u003cbr/\u003e15. Mid man on cart\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid shot children walking in village\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close-up woman working in paddy field\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eWashington, recent\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Gillian Madill, Genetic Technologies Campaigner, Friends of the Earth, Washington: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We do have existing very basic technology that works - mosquito nets - you know they're extremely cheap and they're proven to work. they're not complicated, they don't interfere with any part of the ecosystem. if we could just get nets to these people that are suffering from these diseases we would have a much better solution - a much more holistic solution instead of going and trying to wreak havoc of the environment.\"\u003cbr/\u003eTanzanir, recent\u003cbr/\u003e19. Villager getting into bed and covering himself with a mosquito net\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, recent\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Andrea Crisanti, Imperial College, London: \u003cbr/\u003e\"I myself am scared when I go the supermarket i see all this trans-genic and genetically modified food, so my first sentiment is of sympathy which is tempered of course by evaluation of risk benefit and I think we should consider that malaria kills one million children every day and I think if we manage to develop a technology which we demonstrate is safe and effective and can be recalled - this means that it doesn't entail a permanent modification then i think there are solid grounds to propose and feel good with the conscience.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Zoom in Mosquitoes in net\u003cbr/\u003eScientists in the UK have genetically modified thousands of mosquitoes in the hope of wiping out malaria. \u003cbr/\u003eThey're aiming to send a malaria-resistant mosquito out into the wild in the hope of combatting the disease that claims nearly three million lives a year.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the plan has been criticised by environmentalists who say modifying mosquitoes could cause havoc to the world  ecosystem. \u003cbr/\u003eThese mosquitoes in net-covered cages in a humid laboratory in London's Imperial College may hold the key to controlling malaria. \u003cbr/\u003eScientists have genetically modified hundreds of the buzzing insects, hoping to stop them from spreading the killer disease.\u003cbr/\u003eThough the idea of tinkering with mosquito biology to halt malaria may seem far-fetched, health officials, faced with a losing battle against the disease, are increasingly exploring any innovations that might give them an edge.\u003cbr/\u003eDr Andrea Crisanti, the malaria expert in charge of genetically modifying the mosquitoes, says a new approach is needed in the fight against malaria. The professor, who has been been working on the project for more than twenty years, explains that his aim is to replace indigenous mosquitoes in the wild with a malaria resistant breed. \u003cbr/\u003eMalaria kills nearly three million people worldwide every year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa.  Millions of bednets to ward off mosquitoes have been given out, and villages across the continent have been doused with insecticide. But those measures haven't put a significant dent into the spread of the illness.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter a string of failed initiatives to slash malaria incidence, the United Nations recently announced a campaign to provide bednets to anyone who needs them by 2010.\u003cbr/\u003eSome scientists think creating mutant mosquitoes, resistant to the disease, might work better.  The approach is so promising that the Bill \u0026amp; Melinda Gates Foundation has invested nearly USD $38 million into genetic strategies to stop mosquitos from transmitting diseases like malaria and dengue fever. \u003cbr/\u003eIn 2000, Crisanti proved it was possible to create a genetically modified mosquito by inserting a gene that glowed fluorescent green in males. \u003cbr/\u003eAmong other possibilities, he and his team are now planning to create sterile male mosquitoes to mate with wild female mosquitoes, thus stunting population growth. They are also trying to engineer a malaria-resistant mosquito.\u003cbr/\u003eLast year, American researchers created mosquitoes resistant to a type of malaria that infects mice. Others are altering the DNA of the mosquitoes that spread dengue. But not everyone thinks these super mosquitoes are such a good idea. \u003cbr/\u003eGillian Madill, a genetic technologies campaigner at Friends of the Earth in Washington says she's worried that genetically modified mosquitoes might wreak havoc on the ecosystem. \u003cbr/\u003eJaydee Hanson of the International Centre for Technology Assessment in Washington agrees. He says eliminating mosquitoes would also eliminate them as food for birds and bats, which in turn, help to pollinate fruits.\u003cbr/\u003eBut senior research fellow at Crisanti's lab, Dr Tony Nolan, says targeting the cause of malaria  is the most effective way to fight the disease. He assures that rigorous testing will be carried out before any genetically modified mosquitoes are released into the wild.\u003cbr/\u003eBut for Madill no amount of testing will prove satisfactory. She believes scientists will never be able to determine the long term evolutionary effects of releasing a genetically modified animal into the wild. For her, the cheapest, most ethical and effective solution is to supply more mosquito nets to those in the greatest need.  \u003cbr/\u003eCrisanti acknowledges there might be unintended consequences of releasing genetically modified mosquitoes into the wild, but with millions of people dying from malaria, he estimates that it's a risk worth taking. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the next year he hopes to finalise plans for a test release of genetically modified mosquitoes in southern Italy. \u003cbr/\u003eThere, millions of the insects will be set loose in large cages to determine how they might interact with wild mosquitoes, and how many of them would be needed to knock out malaria.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan 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