{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='USA: SCIENTISTS CLAIM TO HAVE FOUND PAIN FREE METHOD OF VACCINATION' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb3d8eafeecae13da2a' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb3d8eafeecae13da2a' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nUSA: SCIENTISTS CLAIM TO HAVE FOUND PAIN FREE METHOD OF VACCINATION\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eEnglish/NatU-S scientists claim they may have found a way to take the pain out of immunisation -  needle free vaccines.Research in mice suggests a swab, which simply spreads onto the skin could become  an alternative to needles.Doctors...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eEnglish/Nat\u003cbr/\u003eU-S scientists claim they may have found a way to take the pain out of immunisation -  needle free vaccines.\u003cbr/\u003eResearch in mice suggests a swab, which simply spreads onto the skin could become  an alternative to needles.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors say, if successful, the new method of vaccination will not only be more  comfortable for children, but could reduce the spread of disease from unhygienic  needles in Third World countries.\u003cbr/\u003eInjections may soon be a thing of the past.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research are trying to develop a  comfortable alternative -  a needle-free vaccine.\u003cbr/\u003eThey have developed a swab that can simply be rubbed into the skin.\u003cbr/\u003eSo far the revolutionary method has only been tested on mice, but they are confident it  will be available for human use within a few years.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003eIt can be used from off the shelf.  The development time frame for this should be  relatively\u003cbr/\u003ebrief.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Dr Gregory M. Glenn, Scientific Director, Iomai Corporation\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors used these mice as test cases.\u003cbr/\u003eThey shaved off a patch of hair and applied a solution of proteins used in diphtheria and  tetanus vaccines and mixed it with a dose of the toxin produced by the cholera  bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eThe toxin is used to boost the immune system and its response to any accompanying  vaccine.\u003cbr/\u003eThe mice were found to build up antibodies in their blood against diphtheria and tetanus,  just as they would with injected vaccines\u003cbr/\u003eAnd the toxin didn't give them any cholera either.\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers found that the skin vaccine is taken up by the immune system cells in the  skin, which then alert the rest of the immune system.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well, we're very excited of this possibility for third world countries because of the need  for sterile technique, trained personnel that accompany normal vaccination. This  technique will allow much simpler application, if you could wear a patch. This can be  put on by untrained personnel, it would avoid the use of needles. In many countries  sterile needles and sterile technique is very difficult to come by, it represents a very  large hurdle them.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Doctor Gregory M. Glenn, Scientific Director, Iomai Corporation\u003cbr/\u003eGlenn, who works for the Iomai Corporation, reported his latest findings to the Walter  Reed  Army Institute of Research in Washington.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors have spent  years trying to develop a needle-free way to immunise.\u003cbr/\u003eA nasal spray to replace flu vaccines does look promising.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors are just as confident about the latest development and are hoping the new  patch will be just as effective on human as it is to mice.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"The beauty of this system, in addition to being practical is that it has an immuelogic  advantage. And that is due to the fact that underneath the skin, right at the very  surface, they're very powerful immune cells. These are the cells that are one of the  primary targets of new vaccine technologies.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Doctor Gregory M. Glenn, Scientific Director, Iomai Corporation\u003cbr/\u003ePreliminary studies will begin on humans in the next two months.\u003cbr/\u003eDoctors want to rule out any side effects before trying to improve the effectiveness of  the needle-free vaccine.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well, at the present time I see immediate applications for actually taking off-the-shelf  vaccines and putting them directly in the skin-patch technologies. After all you have the  benefits of the reduced pain, the reduced danger from the contaminated needles and  you have the reduced cost.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Connel Tarl R. Alwing, Doctor at Walter Reed Army Institute of  Research\u003cbr/\u003eIf the tests are successful on humans, scientists predict the new vaccines could be on  the market within two years.\u003cbr/\u003eWashington D.C, Mountain View, California, United States, 27 February 1998 and file\u003cbr/\u003e1. Baby being vaccinated by doctor (file)\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide Shot of  Walter Reed Army Institute of Research\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up of Walter Reed Army Institute of Research sign\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Gregory M. Glenn, Scientific Director, Iomai  Corporation  \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close Up of model mouse on Doctor's hand\u003cbr/\u003e6. Zoom out to mice \u003cbr/\u003e7. Close Up of mice\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide Shot of mice\u003cbr/\u003e9. Zoom into mice\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close Up of mice\u003cbr/\u003e11.  SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Gregory M. Glenn, scientific director,  Iomai  Corporation\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up  Iomai Corporation page on the Internet\u003cbr/\u003e13. Cutaway woman working at computer \u003cbr/\u003eMountain View, California - File\u003cbr/\u003e14. Child being given the flu vaccine \u003cbr/\u003eWashington D.C\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (English) Doctor Gregory M. Glenn, scientific director, Iomai  Corporation\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up of test mice then zoom out to Doctor Glenn and Connel Alwing, Doctor at  Walter Reed Army Institute of Research\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close Up of test result\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Connel Tarl R. Alwing, Doctor at Walter Reed Army Institute  of Research\u003cbr/\u003e20. Zoom out from test result to Doctor Glenn and Connel Alwing looking at test result\u003cbr/\u003e22. 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