{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Japanese researchers claim chimps have stronger memories than humans' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb2d8eafeecae13d9ab' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb2d8eafeecae13d9ab' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nJapanese researchers claim chimps have stronger memories than humans\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eKyoto, Japan - 22 March, 20081. Various of chimp named Ayumu2. Mid of chimp named Akira (father of Ayumu)3. Wide of the chimpanzee compound at Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute 4. Close of sign on wall at entrance of research...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eKyoto, Japan - 22 March, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various of chimp named Ayumu\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of chimp named Akira (father of Ayumu)\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of the chimpanzee compound at Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of sign on wall at entrance of research institute\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro with Ayumu\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"Many people still believe that humans are superior to any other kind of creature in all domains of intelligence.\" \u003cbr/\u003e7. Various of chimp interacting with Matsuzawa\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of chimps named Ai and Ayumu with Matsuzawa\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of research assistant Takashima Tomoko, preparing start memory test \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close of data being recorded during test\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"We showed the very robust evidence that chimpanzees can be better than humans in a memory task.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid of chimp named Ayumu getting ready to take test\u003cbr/\u003e13. Various of Ayumu taking memory test\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of Ayumu's hands catching segments of apple\u003cbr/\u003e15. Various of Ayumu taking test\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"Ayumu showed the accuracy 80% or even more.\" \u003cbr/\u003e17. Various of Yamamoto Hiroyuki, an undergraduate student, failing the memory test\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close of Yamamoto Hiroyuki taking test\u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"In this test of immediate memory, or eidetic imagery, or photographic memory, whatever you name (it), this kind of memory isďż˝ chimpanzee is very good at this kind of memory, and we humans may have lost such a kind of capability in the course of evolution.\" \u003cbr/\u003eLondon - United Kingdom - April 7, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of Professor Nicholas Humphrey walking towards camera\u003cbr/\u003e21. Zoom in to Humphrey taking book from shelf\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nicholas Humphrey, London School of Economics \u003cbr/\u003e\"The extraordinary thing about Matsuzawa's study is that it's shown that chimpanzees actually have better memory capacity than humans do today. But of course we know our ancestors were very like chimpanzees - five, six, million years ago - so what it's taught us is that we have probably descended from animals which had much better memories than we do currently, and that poses obviously a hugely interesting question: why did human beings lose their memories?\" \u003cbr/\u003eKyoto, Japan - 22 March, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e23. Various of chimp named Akira\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"Well, I think we should be very careful about the fact and interpretation. The fact is fact. It is very clear that chimpanzees are superior to humans in a certain memory task. No one can deny this fact, and this is chimpanzees not a single chimpanzee. All young chimpanzees have this capability.\" \u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid of chimp named Ayumu\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, Director of Kyoto University's Primate Research Institute \u003cbr/\u003e\"Of course there is a possibility that chimpanzee(s) may have developed this special skill in the course of chimpanzee evolution. But, (the) more plausible explanation is that the common ancestor of humans and chimpanzee may have had this kind of capability.\" \u003cbr/\u003e27. Various of chimp at research institute\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid of chimp named Ayumu on platform\u003cbr/\u003eLondon - United Kingdom - April 7, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nicholas Humphrey, London School of Economics \u003cbr/\u003e\"For humans to lose that skill must have meant that there was something really to be gained by it, I mean something which really counted for us, and overrode the disadvantages of losing picture memory, and I think the answer is probably language. With too good memory, we would not have had the incentive to develop language.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKyoto, Japan - 22 March, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e30. Various of laboratory \u003cbr/\u003e31. Close of chimp named Ayumu matching Chinese and Japanese characters to the colour denoting their meaning\u003cbr/\u003e32. Mid of chimp named Ai performing a more complex version of the test\u003cbr/\u003eLondon - United Kingdom - April 7, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Nicholas Humphrey, London School of Economics \u003cbr/\u003e\"If you want to put it this way, it's a case of, in our history, we had to take a step backwards in order to take two or three leaps forward, in terms of our cognitive development.\" \u003cbr/\u003eKyoto, Japan - 22 March, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e34. Various of chimp named Ayumyu playing in outdoor enclosure\u003cbr/\u003e35. Close of Ayumu in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003eFor centuries we have assumed that compared to other animals, humans are superior in all areas of intellectual ability. \u003cbr/\u003eBut now reseachers in Japan have demonstrated that in specific memory tasks, young chimpanzees were better at cognitive tasks than people. \u003cbr/\u003eThink you're smarter than a ten year old? How about a 5-year-old chimp? \u003cbr/\u003eJapanese researchers have pitted young chimps against human adults in tests of short-term memory, and overall, the chimps won. \u003cbr/\u003eThe research, conducted in Kyoto by Professor Matsuzawa Tetsuro, was published online in the Current Biology journal in December 3, 2007.\u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa has been studying chimpanzees closely for the past 30 years, both in the laboratory and in the field.\u003cbr/\u003eOver the years, he has developed an intimate relationship with the chimpanzees in his laboratory.\u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa, the director university's Primate Research Institute, says many people still believe humans are superior than all creatures in all aspects of intelligence.\u003cbr/\u003eIn total, there are fourteen chimpanzees in the institute's laboratory.\u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa says his research shows chimps are superior than humans in memory tasks.\u003cbr/\u003eInitially, the chimps were taught to recognise the arabic numerals from 1-9, which formed the basis of the memory tests.\u003cbr/\u003eThe test begins with six numerals being displayed on the screen for a split second, before they are masked.\u003cbr/\u003eThe chimps then have to press the squares in the numerical sequence that corresponds to the numbers that are concealed. \u003cbr/\u003eA correct answer is rewarded with a small segment of apple or half a raisin. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, a reward of food is not guaranteed, with the animals also being rewarded with spoken praise or encouragement.\u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa says Ayumu, one of the chimps, showed an accuracy of more than 80 per cent using an ability similar to photographic memory. \u003cbr/\u003eAlso taking the test is Yamamoto Hiroyuki, a first year doctoral student. \u003cbr/\u003eBut with an average of just 10 per cent he scored considerably worse than the chimps. \u003cbr/\u003eBut the research team say that is pretty good for a human.  \u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa says that the results indicate that in the course of evolution, humans lost their photographic memory.\u003cbr/\u003eProfesssor Nicholas Humphrey, of the London School of Economics agrees. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says the research poses the question: why did the human memory fade compared to that of chimps?\u003cbr/\u003eOn the face of it, having photographic recall would seem to be a useful and extremely desirable ability.\u003cbr/\u003eNonetheless, Matsuzawa advises caution. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says we should distinguish from fact and interpretation and that it seems that all chimps have stronger memories than humans.\u003cbr/\u003eMatsuzawa suggests that the most plausible explanation is that the common ancestor of humans and chimps may have had a photographic memory.\u003cbr/\u003eHumphrey says that perhaps humans lost their photographic memories because there was something to be gained by it and instead developed language. \u003cbr/\u003eHe says with too strong a memory, the incentive to develop language would not have existed.\u003cbr/\u003eHumphrey believes the disadvantages of having a photographic memory are that it prevents the necessity to develop abstract thoughts, and concepts. \u003cbr/\u003eIn order to develop language, Humphrey says humans had to take a step backwards and lose their memory skills.\u003cbr/\u003eThe other factor is the youth of Ayumu and his peers. \u003cbr/\u003eThe memory for images that's needed for the tests resembles a skill found in children, but which dissipates with age. \u003cbr/\u003eIn fact, the young chimps performed better than older chimps in the new study. 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