{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='SOUTH AFRICA: FORCES GAYS MISTREATED EXPOSE' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb1d8eafeecae13d90e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54beb1d8eafeecae13d90e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nSOUTH AFRICA: FORCES GAYS MISTREATED EXPOSE\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eEnglish/NatSouth African human rights activists have launched a petition to demand that the government opens an official inquiry into the treatment of gays in the apartheid army. This follows a recent expose by a newspaper which claims...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eEnglish/Nat\u003cbr/\u003eSouth African human rights activists have launched a petition to demand that the government opens an official inquiry into the treatment of gays in the apartheid army. \u003cbr/\u003eThis follows a recent expose by a newspaper which claims gay conscripts were given shock therapy and in some cases sex change operations - some of which were never completed. \u003cbr/\u003eThe newspaper and survivors of this so-called \\\"aversion therapy\\\" allege a South African doctor now living in Canada was responsible. \u003cbr/\u003eHe denies all the allegations.\u003cbr/\u003eThe outspoken Johannesburg-based Mail \u0026amp; Guardian newspaper ran their expose on the alleged practices at the end of last month.\u003cbr/\u003eIt claimed that about 50 sex-change operations were performed every year between 1971 and 1989 as part of the then South African Defence Force (SADF) programme to cure \\\"deviants\\\".\u003cbr/\u003eIt alleged that gay conscripts whom the army wanted to cure of their sexual preference, were subject to narco-analysis and aversion-conversion therapy. \u003cbr/\u003eNarco-analysis involved the slow injection of a drug so that a patient could be questioned while between consciousness and unconsciousness. \u003cbr/\u003eAversion or conversion therapy involved a patient being subjected to electric shocks while being shown gay pornographic images. \u003cbr/\u003eMail \u0026amp; Guardian editor Phillip Van Niekerk says the expose reveals another shady secret of the apartheid army.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\\\"This showed that the young conscripts that were brought in were basically singled out. Those that fitted the ideal of the young, white macho males who were to go out and fight for apartheid, who were heterosexual and who were pretty straightforward in their likes and dislikes, and then there was this group of dissidents.\\\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Phillip Van Niekerk, Editor of the Mail \u0026amp; Guardian\u003cbr/\u003eThe newspaper named Colonel Aubrey Levine, an army psychiatrist as responsible for their treatment. \u003cbr/\u003eDr Levine refused comment for the article but denies all allegations. \u003cbr/\u003eHe left South Africa in the mid-1990s and now works at the University of Calgary.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (in English)\u003cbr/\u003e\\\"In the case of the gay people particularly, which we have documented fairly extensively, they were treated to various barbaric forms of psychiatric torture including aversion techniques. And for some of those who were not curable in terms of what Dr Leving and the South African army were trying to do, they were moved onto the next  stage which was in fact mutilation and sex changes.\\\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Phillip Van Niekerk, Editor of the Mail \u0026amp; Guardian \u003cbr/\u003eGay rights campaigners say that hundreds of conscripts could have been subjected to this treatment. \u003cbr/\u003eThey say that today dozens of victims of the programme are crippled and disfigured by incomplete sex change operations. \u003cbr/\u003eSome they claim were chemically castrated. \u003cbr/\u003eA number of  victims committed suicide.\u003cbr/\u003eThe National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality and other human rights activists are campaigning for a government inquiry. \t\u003cbr/\u003eKevin Mann, who is gay, was based with the South African Air Force in Pretoria in 1970 to 1971. \u003cbr/\u003eHe was given shock therapy to \\\"cure\\\" him.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (in English)\u003cbr/\u003e\\\"He told me that he could cure me, that being gay was a disease and that he could fix it. He then proceeded to give me electric shock treatment. He attached electrodes to my arm. He gave me a photograph of a naked man with a large erection and he told me that when the pain was too great I was to throw the photograph away.\\\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Kevin Mann, survivor\u003cbr/\u003eThe newspaper alleges that during the apartheid era psychiatrists, assisted by chaplains scoured each intake of white conscripts hunting for suspected homosexuals. \u003cbr/\u003eThose identified were allegedly separated from their colleagues and sent to a military hospital for screening and rehabilitation. \u003cbr/\u003eSome of those who could not be \\\"cured\\\" with drugs or psychiatry were given sex-change operations or were chemically castrated. \u003cbr/\u003eCompulsory military conscription ended in South Africa in the early 1990s. \u003cbr/\u003eToday the army is transformed and renamed: The South African National Defence Force has a totally non-discrimination policy. \u003cbr/\u003eGay people are not expected to reveal or hide their status. \u003cbr/\u003eThey are also allowed to serve in any capacity.\u003cbr/\u003e Johannesburg; Pretoria, South Africa - 16th August and file \u003cbr/\u003eJohannesburg - Aug 12, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close-up newspaper front page reading: \"Military Mutilation - How the SADF forced gay soldiers to become women\"\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide-shot newspaper expose\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close-up headline reading: \"Levine used drugs and electric shocks to 'cure' gay men\"\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid-shot graphic of sex change phases\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid-shot still of Levine with headline reading: \"Freaks offered a chance to change\"\u003cbr/\u003ePretoria - October 29, 1993\u003cbr/\u003e6. Various South African Defence Force military parade\u003cbr/\u003eJohannesburg - August 16, 2000\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide-shot exterior Mail \u0026amp; Guardian offices\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close-up sign reading Mail \u0026amp; Guardian\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide-shot Phillip Van Niekerk, Editor of the Mail \u0026amp; Guardian, on the phone\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE: (English) Phillip Van Niekerk, Editor of the Mail \u0026amp; Guardian\u003cbr/\u003e11 Cut-away hands\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Phillip Van Niekerk, Editor of the Mail \u0026amp; Guardian\u003cbr/\u003e13. Various press conference\u003cbr/\u003e14. Set-up Kevin Mann, gay conscriptee who claims he was given shock treatment\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English) Kevin Mann\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up Mann's hands \u003cbr/\u003e17. Mann leaving\u003cbr/\u003ePretoria - February 22, 1999\u003cbr/\u003e18. 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