{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Traditional methods of circumcision used despite hygiene risks' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bea2d8eafeecae13d1ff' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bea2d8eafeecae13d1ff' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTraditional methods of circumcision used despite hygiene risks\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eEastern Uganda  - April 21, 2008 1. Mid shot of Bagisu people running and dancing carrying sticks and tree branches2. Wide shot of Bagisu people dancing holding tree branches3. Mid shot of traditional Bagisu dance4. Mid shot of Bagisu...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eEastern Uganda  - April 21, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid shot of Bagisu people running and dancing carrying sticks and tree branches\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide shot of Bagisu people dancing holding tree branches\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid shot of traditional Bagisu dance\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid shot of Bagisu people dancing\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of boy to be circumcised being smeared with herbs\u003cbr/\u003e6. Tilt down of blade to be used during circumcision\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close up Boy's face \u003cbr/\u003e8. Set up shot of Stephen Nangosya in charge cultural development in Mbale District as well as a traditional surgeon\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Stephen Nangosya, traditional surgeon,\u003cbr/\u003e\"The youth have to pass through what we call passage to adulthood. So they circumcise in order to qualify to manhood.\" \u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide shot of Bagisu people dancing and chanting carrying tree branches and wooden sticks\u003cbr/\u003e11. Mid shot of Bagisu people dancing\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid shot of Bagisu dancer being carried while dancing\u003cbr/\u003e13. Mid shot of boy to be circumcised dancing during ceremony\u003cbr/\u003e14. Mid shot of other boys to be circumcised clapping wooden sticks during the ceremony\u003cbr/\u003e15. Mid shot of boy being circumcised\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid shot of boy covered in a cloth after circumcision\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English) Stephen Nangosya, traditional surgeon\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a must that every Mugisu born as a Mumasaba must by law take circumcision in order to be called a man, and it goes to even an extent of where by if you happen to die when you had not circumcised and you were above 18 years, they definitely circumcise you before you are even buried, because it is taken as an omen if you are a Mugisu and you do not take circumcision.\"\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid shot of boy who has just being circumcised being rinsed with water\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid shot of an elder covering boy with a cloth after circumcision\u003cbr/\u003e20. Tilt down of boy who has just been circumcised\u003cbr/\u003eKampala \u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide shot of Kampala city centre\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid shot of man crossing the road pushing a hand cart\u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid shot of people walking on the streets\u003cbr/\u003e24. Zoom out of World Health Organisation headquarters in Kampala\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various set up shots of Innocent Nuwagira, National Professional Officer for HIV/AIDS with WHO-Uganda.\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Innocent Nuwagira, National Professional Officer for HIV/AIDS with WHO-Uganda.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The current recommendations regarding male medical circumcision for HIV prevention are informed by compelling evidence, convincing evidence as a result of studies that have been made in several parts of the world.\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid of child being circumcised in a hospital\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Alex Opio, Assistant Commissioner for National Disease control at the Ministry of Health in Uganda,\u003cbr/\u003e\"In terms of sterility of knives, if you circumcise one person and then another one comes and you circumcise using the same knife which is not sterilised, in fact you will do more harm than good.\"\u003cbr/\u003e30. Mid shot of Bagisu men waving sticks in air after finding a boy who had not been circumcised hiding in the city\u003cbr/\u003e31. Mid shot of Bagisu boy being prepared for circumcision           \u003cbr/\u003e33. Tilt down of one of the elders who perform the circumcisions holding a blade\u003cbr/\u003e34. Mid shot of elder wrapping cut off foreskin in a piece of paper\u003cbr/\u003e35. Various shots of elders who perform circumcisions holding blades\u003cbr/\u003e36. Tilt down of boy being held after circumcision\u003cbr/\u003e37. Tilt down of boy sitting after circumcision\u003cbr/\u003e38. Wide shot of Bagisu people running carrying wooden sticks as they celebrate the ceremony\u003cbr/\u003e39. Mid shot of Bagisu people celebrating after circumcisions are done\u003cbr/\u003eImbalu, a ritual performed every even numbered year by the people of the Eastern Ugandan Bagisu tribe, initiates boys to men.\u003cbr/\u003eCircumcision is at the centre of the tradition - using methods that date back centuries.\u003cbr/\u003eCircumcision is a right of passage for Bagisu boys in eastern Uganda. \u003cbr/\u003eYouths from the ages 12 to 20 years must endure the surgery in order to be considered a man by their peers. \u003cbr/\u003eMany have the procedure carried out in hospitals, but dozens undergo a painful operation carried out with an unsterilised knife by community elders. \u003cbr/\u003eThe circumcision festival lasts three days, and the whole community travels from village to village, visiting friends and family,  while dancing. \u003cbr/\u003eAs part of the preparation for the initiation, men smear their faces with white make up and leaves,  and they wave two black and white Columbus monkey tails in the air as they dance.\u003cbr/\u003eThe boys are smeared with herbs, which are said to instil strength before the ritual. \u003cbr/\u003eTraditions demand that a young boy is not to cry if he is to earn respect as a man.\u003cbr/\u003eStephen Nangosya has been circumcising boys for over fifteen years using the skills he learnt from his father. \u003cbr/\u003eApart from being a traditional surgeon, Nangosya is also in charge of the cultural development in the Mbale area.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says that the boys must be circumcised \"in order to qualify to manhood.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe elders and village men come together and hunt out young boys and men. \u003cbr/\u003eMany have gone into hiding or flee to large towns in a desperate attempt to avoid the painful procedure. \u003cbr/\u003eAmong the Bagisu tribe, uncircumcised men are treated with contempt and the women play a pivotal role in reporting uncircumcised men to their elders. \u003cbr/\u003eNangosya says that the local people take circumcision so seriously that if a dead man is found not to have been circumcised, the procedure must be carried out before he can be buried, as it is considered to be a bad omen to be uncircumcised. \u003cbr/\u003eThe United Nations says there is compelling evidence that circumcision reduces the risk of men contracting the AIDS virus by up to 60 percent. \u003cbr/\u003eThe World Health Organisation and UNAIDS in March 2007 endorsed male circumcision as an \"additional important intervention.\"  \u003cbr/\u003eThe advice was issued following three extensive trials in South Africa, Kenya and Uganda that showed circumcision dramatically reduced men's susceptibility to HIV infection because the cells in the foreskin of the penis are especially vulnerable to the virus.  \u003cbr/\u003eOne study projected that in the next decade, male circumcision could prevent 2 million AIDS infections and 300,000 deaths. \u003cbr/\u003eInnocent Nuwagira, Spokesman for HIV/AIDS with WHO Uganda says that the studies show that circumcision can reduce a man's chances of contracting the HIV virus. \u003cbr/\u003eRemoving the penis's foreskin causes the newly exposed skin to thicken, making it more resistant to microbes. Also, circumcision may improve hygiene and protect against other infections, such as syphilis and herpes, that can contribute to HIV infection. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever implementing the procedure is fraught with danger in a region with threadbare medical regulation, a shortage of doctors, and patients who often are minimally educated.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever Dr. Alex Opio, the assistant Commissioner for National Disease control at the Ministry of Health in Uganda, says that although the practice is safe in a sterile environment like a health clinic or hospital,  traditional circumcision with dirty knives can do more harm than good. \u003cbr/\u003eIn traditional ceremonies one knife may be used on up to eighty boys without being cleaned. \u003cbr/\u003eCircumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures, but it can go awry. \u003cbr/\u003eThe penis is rich in blood vessels, and so excessive bleeding and infection can occur if the vessels aren't properly tied or cauterised.\u003cbr/\u003eThe new evidence spurred health authorities at the United Nations and governments in the U.S. and Africa to prepare to offer widespread circumcision.\u003cbr/\u003eIn March 2007, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS formally recommended circumcision to prevent HIV, saying the science suggests the policy \"will result in immediate benefit to individuals.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe groups say they won't carry out the procedure themselves but will provide technical support to those governments that choose to implement it. \u003cbr/\u003eBut men should still use condoms and other protection against the virus, said the World Health Organization and UNAIDS, the U.N. agency that coordinates the global fight against the AIDS virus.  \u003cbr/\u003eAn estimated 665 million men, or 30 percent of men in the world, are circumcised, but the rate varies considerably from country to country.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container 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