{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Canada - G8 / G20 / Protests' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be7cd8eafeecae13bfe4' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be7cd8eafeecae13bfe4' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nCanada - G8 / G20 / Protests\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eWRAP Family photo at G8, Harper, protest, Hu arrivalHuntsville, Ontario - 25 June 20101. Close pan of G-8 leaders during group photo Toronto - 25 June 2010 2. Wide of protest 3. Police ushering protesters backWRAP Plenary session opens;...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eWRAP Family photo at G8, Harper, protest, Hu arrival\u003cbr/\u003eHuntsville, Ontario - 25 June 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close pan of G-8 leaders during group photo \u003cbr/\u003eToronto - 25 June 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of protest \u003cbr/\u003e3. Police ushering protesters back\u003cbr/\u003eWRAP Plenary session opens; protest a'math; family photo; protests\u003cbr/\u003eToronto - 27 June 2010\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of G20 leaders posing for photograph\u003cbr/\u003e5. Tilt down from entrance of clothing store to smashed window\u003cbr/\u003e6. Man being arrested by police\u003cbr/\u003eOn June 25th 2010 Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that leaders of the Group of Eight major industrial democracies had pledged to contribute 5 (b) billion US dollars over the next five years to an initiative on maternal and infant health care in poor countries.\u003cbr/\u003eDivided on economic remedies, the leaders from the US, Canada, Britain, Germany, France Japan, Italy and Russia searched for common ground on other issues, such as confronting nuclear standoffs with Iran and North Korea, dealing with the AIDS epidemic, and maternal and infant health care in desperately poor countries such as Afghanistan, Mali and Tanzania - a key project of Harper's.\u003cbr/\u003eHe said Canada's contribution to the project was 1.1 billion US dollars. \u003cbr/\u003eThe White House said that the US commitment would total 1.35 billion US dollars over two years, with that support subject to congressional approval. Japan pledged 500 million US dollars over a five-year period.\u003cbr/\u003eHarper was asked at a news conference why he thought the G-8 would honour this commitment when it hadn't honoured many past ones. \u003cbr/\u003e\"Because of the tight budgetary situation we are seeing in many countries, leaders are being very cautious as to the pledges they have made,\" he said. \u003cbr/\u003eHe called the commitment \"historic.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe leaders were giving special attention this year to some unmet pledges from the past; namely the G-8's vow in Scotland five years ago to double international aid to Africa by 2010 and to make significant strides in providing AIDS treatment to all who need it. \u003cbr/\u003eNeither goal has been achieved.\u003cbr/\u003eThe G-8 also held an outreach session with leaders of seven African nations.\u003cbr/\u003eFinancial accountability is high on the agenda of many non-government organisations in Toronto.\u003cbr/\u003eMeredith Alexander, from the UK-based Action Aid, urged the leaders to \"go to back to past promises and do something about it, rather than make new promises.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe eight-nation group met at a resort in Huntsville, in Canada's sprawling Muskoka region of lakes and vacation cottages several hours drive north of Toronto. \u003cbr/\u003eOn June 26th and 27th, the focus shifts to Toronto, where their number will grow to 20 as they are joined by leaders representing fast-growing developing economies including China, India and Brazil.\u003cbr/\u003eChina's President Hu Jintao was among those arriving for the G-20 summit on June 25th.\u003cbr/\u003eThe G-20 has been gradually overshadowing the G-8 as the world's premier forum for discussing and coordinating economic policy.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Toronto, several hundred protesters vowing to set up a tent city near the summit security zone moved through city streets on the afternoon of June 25th. \u003cbr/\u003ePolice in riot gear appeared to be holding them back and were making some arrests.\u003cbr/\u003eAt one point, protesters briefly halted their march, making finger guns at police headquarters and firing, after police in riot gear waded into the crowd.\u003cbr/\u003eOfficers in riot gear were lined up three-deep, and several vans packed with police officers raced to the scene.\u003cbr/\u003eOn June 27th world leaders endorsed a bold pledge by rich nations to slash budget deficits in half in three years despite concerns by some that cutting stimulus spending too quickly could stall the global recovery.\u003cbr/\u003eThe deficit-cutting goal was outlined in a final statement from the top 20 industrial and developing nations at their weekend summit. \u003cbr/\u003eThe leaders of the G-20 were all smiles as they posed for their family photo, joking and waving to cheering supporters.\u003cbr/\u003eThe summit participants navigated a careful course between US President Barack Obama, with his emphasis on growth, and fellow leaders such German Chancellor Angela Merkel who advocated spending cuts and even tax increases.\u003cbr/\u003eCanadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper, host of the G-20 summit, said it was critical that the countries \"send a clear message that as our stimulus plans expire, we will focus on getting our fiscal houses in order.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHarper told the leaders that they needed to walk a \"tightrope\" between deficit spending this year, ensuring the fragile recovery continues, and then switching to deficit reduction programmes.\u003cbr/\u003eThe deficit pledge would mean cutting the red ink in half within three years and getting total debt stabilised by 2016.\u003cbr/\u003eThe statement said that advanced economies \"have committed to fiscal plans that will at least halve deficits by 2013 and stabilise or reduce government debt-to-GDP ratios by 2016.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe gross domestic product (GDP) measures the value of all goods and services, and is considered the best gauge of economic health.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the same time, the statement incorporated Obama's cautions against pulling back government supports too quickly, saying countries needed to follow through on \"delivering existing stimulus plans, while working to create the conditions for robust private demand.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe G-20 includes the world's major industrial countries - the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Britain, Canada, Italy and Russia - plus major developing nations such as China, India, Brazil and South Korea.\u003cbr/\u003eThe deficit targets that the G-20 countries adopted had been outlined by Harper in a letter he sent to fellow leaders this month.\u003cbr/\u003eHarper's proposal stood in contrast to the priorities Obama laid out in a competing letter. \u003cbr/\u003eObama urged the G-20 countries to avoid the costly mistake made during the 1930s, when countries reduced government support too quickly and ended up prolonging the Great Depression.\u003cbr/\u003eBut in the discussions in Canada, it was clear that Obama's view was in the minority as country after country stressed the need to reduce deficits.\u003cbr/\u003eThe G-20 statement limits the deficit-reduction goal to the most industrialised nations. \u003cbr/\u003eIt offers governments flexibility on when to start balancing their books. It does not include country-by-country goals, and it urges those in the most precarious financial positions to accelerate their plans.\u003cbr/\u003eEuropean countries, in particular, have been rattled by the near-default of Greece on its government debt.\u003cbr/\u003eObama started his day with a bilateral breakfast with the Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, after postponing a planned trip to Indonesia because of the Gulf of Mexico oil leak.\u003cbr/\u003eThe G-20 conference, which followed two days of discussions among the older G-8 members, attracted protesters unhappy with economic globalisation.\u003cbr/\u003eConditions on the streets of Canada's biggest city remained tense. \u003cbr/\u003ePolice raided a university campus and rounded up protesters in an effort to quell further violence after youths rampaged through the city the night before, smashing windows and torching police cruisers. \u003cbr/\u003ePolice said they arrested more than 500 demonstrators, many of whom were hauled away in plastic handcuffs and taken to a temporary holding centre constructed for the summit. \u003cbr/\u003eDespite the violence, no serious injuries were reported among police, protesters and bystanders, a Toronto Police spokeswoman said.\u003cbr/\u003eThousands of police in riot gear formed cordons to prevent anti-globalisation demonstrations from breaching the steel and concrete security fence surrounding the summit site.\u003cbr/\u003eA Toronto police spokesman said police made 70 arrests in a morning raid on a building on the campus of the University of Toronto, where they seized a cache of \"street-type weaponry\" such as bricks, sticks and rocks.\u003cbr/\u003eTwo security guards at a downtown department store witnessed two men emerging from a manhole around 1:30 a.m. on June 27th, more than four blocks north of the security perimeter. \u003cbr/\u003eThe windows of the Hudson's Bay Company store had been damaged earlier during the protests.\u003cbr/\u003eProtesters gathered on the morning of June 27th at a park near the detention centre - about 2.5 miles (four kilometres) east of where the leaders are meeting.\u003cbr/\u003ePolice went into the crowd and made some arrests, adopting a more aggressive strategy than the previous day when they stood back as protesters torched four police cars and broke store windows.\u003cbr/\u003eThe protest outside the temporary holding facility was quickly broken up by riot police, who set off a warning device that created a cloud of smoke before they chased the group down the street.\u003cbr/\u003eThousands of police headed to Toronto to reinforce security there after the smaller G-8 summit ended on June 26th in Huntsville, Ontario, about 140 miles (225 kilometres) away. \u003cbr/\u003eSecurity was being provided by an estimated 19-thousand law enforcement officers drawn from across Canada.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex 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