{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Desert being pushed back in order to create \u0026quot;green belts\u0026quot;' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be26d8eafeecae13971e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be26d8eafeecae13971e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nDesert being pushed back in order to create \u0026quot;green belts\u0026quot;\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionBaijitan Forestry Farm, Lingwu Town, Ningxia Province, China, July 17th 2010  1. Close up of straw being carried on person's back toward desert control project2. Wide shot of workers carrying straw across sands3. Close up of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eBaijitan Forestry Farm, Lingwu Town, Ningxia Province, China, July 17th 2010  \u003cbr/\u003e1. Close up of straw being carried on person's back toward desert control project\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide shot of workers carrying straw across sands\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up of shovel being used to drive straw into sand - tilt up to female worker in headscarf\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid of workers putting straw containment matrixes into sand\u003cbr/\u003e5. Pan from desert to Mr Wang working on sand containment matrix with workers\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close up of Mr Wang's shovel driving straw into sand tilt up to Mr. Wang working\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid shot of Mr Wang and others working on side of sand dune\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close up of straw and sand as Mr Wang hits it with shovel\u003cbr/\u003e9. Tilt up Mr Wang walking across sand from containment project towards desert\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide shot of desert with scattered containment matrixes with Mr Wang looking in foreground\u003cbr/\u003e11. Zoom out of containment matrix to wide of desert\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin): Mr. Wang Youde,  Anti-Desertification project Manager, Baijitan Forestry Farm:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Especially since those desert areas which had comparatively decent conditions have already been controlled. What we need to deal with now are the much more difficult areas - the higher density desert areas.  We'll need more investment as the costs are high, more labour forcesďż˝ the environment is really exhausting. It is getting harder and harder to make progress. But we have better technology now and are even more determined. We have more experience now in sand control. We have more determination and confidence.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up of female worker in headscarf placing straw on sand\u003cbr/\u003e14. Zoom out of workers setting straw on side of dune to wide of containment project in desert\u003cbr/\u003e15. Pan from older containment zone (with some vegetation starting to take hold) to nearby sand dune\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid shot of sand blowing in the wind over the sand dune towards the containment project\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLiang Tian Village, Ningxia Province, China, July 18th 2010  \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close up of water coming out of pump\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide shot of family gathered around water pump in their courtyard\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close up of young girl moving water container under water from pump\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close up of water bucket being picked up and carried into kitchen building\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin): Lan Faxue, Migrant from remote desert area:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Back at my original home it was really remote and I had to get out of the village to find work. So here it is pretty flat and I can just ride a bike to go find work. So we relocated here. It is a proper place to live.\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Wide shot of courtyard with chickens in foreground\u003cbr/\u003e23. Pan of three wheeled motorcycle carrying workers\u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid shot of workers in back of three wheeled motorcycle on their way to work\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eYanchi County, Ningxia Province, China, July 19th 2010\u003cbr/\u003e25. Pan from small reservoir to trucks being pumped full of water\u003cbr/\u003e26. Mid of water truck with lady on top monitoring with water pipe in foreground\u003cbr/\u003e27. Mid of female worker on top of water truck taking pipe out when truck is full\u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid of water dripping out of relief valve as truck pulls away\u003cbr/\u003e29. Tilt up from grassy green area to rows of heat and arid zone tolerant plants\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close shot of arid zone shrubs\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide of green transitional area which has been planted with government stimulus\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eLanzhou City, Gansu Province, China, July 20th 2010\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide interior shot of scholar explaining a model desert exhibit\u003cbr/\u003e33. Close shot of sand in model exhibit - pull focus to green transitional zone\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (Mandarin): Qu Jianjun, Research Professor, Cold and Arid regions Environmental Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The deserts themselves are not really changing (in size) so much now. It is a situation of people advancing on the desert and pushing it back - then the desert encroaches on the people and pushes them out. We see this happening for the most part in the transitional areas. The zone between the desert and the green is a buffer. If there is a flood in the mountains these places get water and become green for a while. This is where habitats are being seriously damaged.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eSinging Sand Dunes, Dunhuang, Gansu, July 20th 2010\u003cbr/\u003e35. Mid of developed town with greenery - pull out to show massive sand dunes on border of town\u003cbr/\u003e36. Mid of sand dunes and flowing sands\u003cbr/\u003e37. Close of wind testing station  \u003cbr/\u003e38. Wide of wind testing station  \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eBaijitan Forestry Farm, Lingwu Town, Ningxia Province, China, July 17th 2010\u003cbr/\u003e39. Wide of sand dune\u003cbr/\u003e40. Mid of sand dunes\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eSinging Sand Dunes, Dunhuang, Gansu Province, July 20th 2010\u003cbr/\u003e41. Pull focus from close shot of plant to dune in background\u003cbr/\u003eAs more and more Chinese people continue to move west in the search for opportunities, one thing is growing scarce: land to live on.\u003cbr/\u003eNow developers are venturing into the desert, pushing back the sand and setting up \"green belts\".\u003cbr/\u003eThe conflict between humans and nature plays out on the fringes of China's rapidly expanding society.  \u003cbr/\u003eMany people do not think of China as a desert nation, but the country's deserts cover over 2.64 million square kilometers (1.05 million square miles), or about 27 percent of the country.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe northwestern regions have always been dry - this is where two of the biggest deserts in the world - the Gobi and the Taklimakan - meet.  \u003cbr/\u003eWhen Marco Polo travelled the Silk Road to China and crossed through them hundreds of years ago, he did so by camel.  \u003cbr/\u003eNingxia and Gansu provinces are considered the dust bowls of China, as much of the land is sandy, dusty or barren mountains. \u003cbr/\u003eMr. Wang Youde grew up not far from the sand dunes he is working on today, in Northwestern China's Ningxia Province.  \u003cbr/\u003eBy the time he was a young man, all 10,000 of his neighbours had slowly moved away from his village, driven away by the need to find green vegetation.\u003cbr/\u003eMr. Wang is now chief of the Baijitan Forestry Centre of Lingwu City.  \u003cbr/\u003eHe has devoted the last 21 years of his life to holding back - and even pushing back - the sand.  \u003cbr/\u003eHis crew has achieved some significant success here after their years of labour.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe anti-desert crews he directs are irrigating the land and setting up \"green belts\" to try to act as buffer zones for the desert.\u003cbr/\u003eThe straw chequer boards stabilise the sand dunes before creating sand-binding vegetation. \u003cbr/\u003eHowever, Mr. Wang says in order to continue keeping this region livable they will need even more investment and labour. Naturally they did the easier parts first.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Especially since those desert areas which had comparatively decent conditions have already been controlled. What we need to deal with now are the much more difficult areas - the higher density desert areas.  We'll need more investment as the costs are high, more labor forcesďż˝ the environment is really exhausting. It is getting harder and harder to make progress. But we have better technology now and are even more determined. We have more experience now in sand control. We have more determination and confidence,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eOfficials say that the effort has reduced the severity of regular spring dust storms and, although dust storms did blanket cities in the desert provinces, Beijing was spared major storms this year.\u003cbr/\u003eBut in some areas the grids become covered in blowing sand almost as soon as they are completed. \u003cbr/\u003eWater is of course the key to sustaining people in these areas.  \u003cbr/\u003eMuch like Mr. Wang's village in Ningxia, this family and most of their neighbours, were forced to leave their homes in remote parts of Gansu.  \u003cbr/\u003eLife on the fringe was no longer sustainable.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe deserts came to their village and the water left - and with it left chances of farming or finding work.  \u003cbr/\u003eMr. Lan Faxue had to walk an hour each way to carry water to his house before he was relocated as part of a government program 10 years ago.  \u003cbr/\u003eHe now lives in Tian liang village in Ningxia and the well in their courtyard with water just 2 metres before the surface have improved his life. \u003cbr/\u003eThe village is big enough for his daughter to go to school and public infrastructure like electricity and roads to be feasible.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Back at my original home it was really remote and I had to get out of the village to find work. So here it is pretty flat and I can just ride a bike to go find work. So we relocated here. It is a proper place to live,\" says Faxue.\u003cbr/\u003eChina's huge population and development momentum are pushing more and more people to seek their futures and fortunes out in China's Northwestern provinces.\u003cbr/\u003eChina's government announced it is spending more than $100 billion US Dollars in order to promote the \"fast and healthy\" development of the western area.\u003cbr/\u003eWith this stimulus package comes more infrastructure and industry - and more work for locals - but it all requires more and more water as well.\u003cbr/\u003eThe region averages only about 250mm of precipitation per year - and the average evaporation rate is much higher - around 6 times.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe difference is made up by river and groundwater.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut rivers and water sources are shrinking with use and people have to go farther and farther to get water.\u003cbr/\u003eMany farmers have to truck their water for miles in order to grow cash crops like watermelon and tomatoes. \u003cbr/\u003eThese grow sweet and juicy in the bright desert sun, but need a lot of water.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Yanchi county forward looking authorities are actually paying farmers to plant hardy drought resistant plants like the \"Ning Tiao\" here.  \u003cbr/\u003eThese fields were recently converted from agriculture to the shrubs shown here in the hope of repairing some of the damage done by farming plants that are not appropriate to the native ecosystem.  \u003cbr/\u003eFarmers are paid RMB 160 per \"Mu\" (which amounts to RMB 2400 - or roughly $350 USD - per hectare) per year if they let their land be used for planting these drought resistant shrubs.  \u003cbr/\u003eThey get extra incentives if the plants reseed.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce the shrubs reach maturity the seeds can be fed to livestock like sheep. \u003cbr/\u003eThere is increasing awareness that buffer zones need to exist between people and the desert - and that exploiting them can have wider consequences.\u003cbr/\u003eChina has planted thousands of hectares (acres) of vegetation to stop the spread of deserts in its north and west. \u003cbr/\u003eBeijing has approved programmes to reclaim land by planting hardy grasses and shrubs on 30 percent of the country's 1.74 million square kilometers (700,000 square miles) of desert by 2050.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the Laboratory of Desert and Desertification in Lanzhou research study and simulate the forces that shape and change the deserts. \u003cbr/\u003eThe World Meteorological Organization has said the leading cause of global warming is human activity - especially CO2 emissions - like from the overuse of oil and coal.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut on a more local level what is impacting people in this area is that communities push into the marginal land that used to serve as a buffer between them and the deserts.\u003cbr/\u003eQu Jianjun, Research Professor, at the Cold and Arid regions Environmental Research Institute observes that this is where the desert fights back.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The deserts themselves are not really changing (in size) so much now.  It is a situation of people advancing on the desert and pushing it back - then the desert encroaching on the people and pushing them out.  We see this happening for the most part in the transitional areas. The zone between the desert and the green should be a buffer.  If there a flood in the mountains these places get water and become green for a while.  This is where habitats are being seriously damaged,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the town of Dunhuang, an historic oasis town along the ancient Silk Road, massive sand dunes loom hundreds of meters above, like a mountain range made of sand.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe sands of the \"Singing Dunes\" shift and flow with the wind and may one day cover the town.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists are collecting data on the wind patterns and the movements of the dunes hoping to learn as much as they can about the patterns of movement for these dunes.\u003cbr/\u003eIf people are going to push further into the deserts to try to make them livable they will find an uphill battle.  \u003cbr/\u003eChina may have no choice though as people continue to move west searching for opportunities. \u003cbr/\u003eFor now they are hoping that life can gain a foothold in the sand and eventually turn it green.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex 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data-type='keyterms'\u003eoutdoor recreation, tian liang, natural resource management, land degradation, greater china, science, environment, close, land management, recreational cycling, search and rescue efforts, recreation and leisure, habitat destruction, recreational sports, environmental concerns, environment and nature, lifestyle, general news, land environment\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" 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