{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='South Africa mines polluting water supply' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be00d8eafeecae13851f' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54be00d8eafeecae13851f' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nSouth Africa mines polluting water supply\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionKagiso, Johannesburg, South Africa - January 26, 20111. Mid of lake with sign reading (English) \"Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted\"2. Mid of bird in polluted water3. Wide of lake with sign4. Wide pan right from mine dumps to...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eKagiso, Johannesburg, South Africa - January 26, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid of lake with sign reading (English) \"Trespassers Will Be Prosecuted\"\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of bird in polluted water\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of lake with sign\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide pan right from mine dumps to mine water run off into a lake in the Kagiso area of Johannesburg \u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide pan left of shacks of the Tudor Shaft settlement\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide of Patrick Mkoyo, resident, entering his shack\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of Patrick Mkoyo inside his shack preparing food  \u003cbr/\u003e8. Close Mkoyo preparing food \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Patrick Mkoyo, Resident, Tudor Shaft Informal Settlement:\u003cbr/\u003e\"As you can see, this soil is from underground. It's from a mine. So, as you can see, it is out now and the children are playing with it. So, it makes disease for the children and when you inhale it's not OK, you can get a disease.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close tilt up from earth to children playing \u003cbr/\u003e11. Close children playing and their mother sitting\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Patrick Mkoyo, Resident, Tudor Shaft Informal Settlement:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Yes, I'm always worried. I'm worried about my children. They are not OK here. But I do not have a choice, I have to stay here. I have no other place to stay.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of children playing on the mine dump \u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of children playing \u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of mine drainage basin \u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of acid mine water flowing into the drainage basin \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close of corroded water pipes with acid mine water flowing into the basin, tilt up to Mariette Liefferink, chief executive of the Federation for Sustainable Environment, talking to a colleague \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mariette Liefferink, Chief Executive, Federation for Sustainable Environment:\u003cbr/\u003e\"These communities are especially vulnerable, because they are communities that have high HIV/AIDS and chronic and acute malnutrition. They are the communities that have to select the land that no one else wants. It's poor, indigenous communities. It is, in fact, immoral for these communities living adjacent to rich mines but living in such unhealthy conditions.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of corroded pipes spilling out acid mine water \u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mariette Liefferink, Chief Executive, Federation for Sustainable Environment:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The impacts will last not for decades but for centuries. With regard to the uranium and other heavy metals, that of course being deposited onto the tailings dams, more than 240,000 tonnes of uranium have been deposited on tailings dams so communities will be exposed to radioactive and toxic metals for hundreds of years. With regards to acid mine drainage, because the tailing dams contain six billion tonnes of iron pirate tailings and these tailings dams cannot be maintained in a reducing or oxygen-free environment, it will generate acid mine drainage for hundreds of years after mine closure.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide of processing and treatment plant for acid mine drainage \u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid of acid mine water being treated at the processing plant \u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of acid mine water flowing into the plant \u003cbr/\u003e24. Close of acid mine water\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003ePretoria, South Africa - January 27, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide of Sputnik Ratau, spokesman for the South African government's Department of Water Affairs \u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of hand on computer\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE: (English) Sputnik Ratau, Spokesman, Department of Water Affairs, South Africa:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a high priority because it has an impact not just now, but on the longevity of the people who are living within the three basins where the acid mine drainage is prevalent. And anything that has got an impact on the livelihood of the people of this country has got to be a priority for the government of this country so that the correct decisions can be taken in order to alleviate such problems that may arise.\"\u003cbr/\u003e28. Close tilt up from hand on computer to Ratau's face \u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE (English) Sputnik Ratau, Spokesman, Department of Water Affairs, South Africa:\u003cbr/\u003e\"What has happened is that because the necessary steps were not taken from day one when mining happened to look at the environmental impact and how that can be taken care of, we are now reaping what you would now call the benefit - or the misfortune of the benefit that we had as the legacy of mining in the country.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eKagiso, Johannesburg, South Africa - January 26, 2011\u003cbr/\u003e30. Wide of mine dumps at Kagiso, standing next to contaminated water \u003cbr/\u003e31. Close of mine dumps \u003cbr/\u003e32. Close of houses with mine dumps in the background \u003cbr/\u003e33. Wide of settlement of houses with mine dumps in the background\u003cbr/\u003ePeople living in South African townships close to old mining areas are being exposed to dangerous levels of radiation according to scientists. \u003cbr/\u003eThe mining industry is vital to the South African economy, but years of lax regulation have seen dangerously high build ups of radiation.\u003cbr/\u003eNow the South African government is being called upon to clean up the polluted waters around the spoil and slag heaps of its mines.\u003cbr/\u003eAs the sign says, this water is not fit for drinking or swimming.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly a solitary gull braves the polluted waters.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the problem isn't confined to the waters of the lake.\u003cbr/\u003eWhen it rains here in Tudor Shaft, a Johannesburg township named after the nearby mine shaft, the streets pool with orange water that smells of vinegar.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's seeping from abandoned mines. \u003cbr/\u003eLocals say the water is contaminated with radioactive minerals used in the mining process and has wiped out all aquatic life in a nearby river.\u003cbr/\u003eIncreasingly, South Africans are worried about the risks contaminated water from mining poses to the rest of Johannesburg, built over one of the largest gold mining bases in the world.\u003cbr/\u003eThe environmental cost of South Africa's lucrative export is weighing on impoverished communities, many sitting on abandoned mines on the outskirts of the city. \u003cbr/\u003eAnd wealthy mining companies have shown little inclination to take responsibility.\u003cbr/\u003eA man stirs lunch - cornmeal porridge - in an immaculate shack. \u003cbr/\u003eThe small front yard is lined with pebbles, covering the soil. \u003cbr/\u003eOutside in the yard, children run barefoot, their feet tinted orange. \u003cbr/\u003e35-year-old Patrick Mkoyo says his children sometimes come home with rashes or difficulty breathing.\u003cbr/\u003e\"They are not OK here, but I don't have a choice; I have no other place to stay,\" he says. \"I'm worried about my children.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHe says his doctors say they don't know what is causing the medical problems.\u003cbr/\u003eIn December, Professor Chris Busby from Ireland's University of Ulster tested the soil around Mkoyo's shack and found it contained at least 32 times the amount of government-set acceptable radioactivity levels. \u003cbr/\u003eBusby prepared the report for Johannesburg-based Federation for Sustainable Environment, a private group working to bring the toxic water issue to the attention of the government and its citizens.\u003cbr/\u003eThe dangerous mining residue reaches people in two steps:\u003cbr/\u003eTo reach the precious minerals at the bottom of a mining basin - a bowl containing water and minerals - miners pump out the water. \u003cbr/\u003eGold is then extracted and the remaining rock, which contains traces of uranium, is dumped onto waste piles. \u003cbr/\u003eOver time, the uranium reacts with oxygen from the atmosphere, and this radioactive substance builds, according to mineral geochemistry professors at Johannesburg's University of Witwatersrand.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce mining is finished, rainwater accumulates in abandoned mine dumps, eventually causing mining basins - huge bowls in the earth containing water and minerals - to overflow, flushing the uranium and other substances into the ground and river systems. \u003cbr/\u003eOne mining basin in western Johannesburg has already flooded, and one of the next basins to flood, experts say, will be under Johannesburg's city centre.\u003cbr/\u003eToxic mine water is entering rivers and communities at an increasing rate, particularly with heavy rain in recent months, and its consequences are devastating, says Mariette Liefferink, chief executive of the Federation for Sustainable Environment.\u003cbr/\u003e\"These communities are especially vulnerable because they are communities that have high HIV/AIDS and chronic and acute malnutrition. They are the communities that have to select the land that no one else wants. It's poor, indigene communities. It is, in fact, immoral for these communities living adjacent to rich mines but living in such unhealthy conditions.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe polluted water can have acidic levels so high that it has eliminated wildlife in nearby rivers, say professors of environmental management at the University of the Free State in Bloemfontein.  They say that while abandoned mines in all countries produce toxic runoff, the problem is most threatening in South Africa. \u003cbr/\u003eLiefferink adds: \"The impacts will last not for decades but for centuries. With regard to the uranium and other heavy metals, that of course being deposited onto the tailings dams, more than 240,000 tonnes of uranium have been deposited on tailings dams so communities will be exposed to radioactive and toxic metals for hundreds of years. With regards to acid mine drainage, because the tailing dams contain six billion tonnes of iron pirate tailings and these tailings dams cannot be maintained in a reducing or oxygen-free environment, it will generate acid mine drainage for hundreds of years after mine closure.\"\u003cbr/\u003eJohannesburg, unlike most mining cities, is densely populated and an economic hub. \u003cbr/\u003eOn top of that, the mining industry in South Africa has gone largely unregulated, unlike in the US, Canada and Australia which have required a process for purifying toxic runoff for many years. \u003cbr/\u003eSouth Africa's apartheid government relied on the steady stream of income from booming gold prices to offset international economic sanctions imposed in protest of the racist regime. \u003cbr/\u003eWith money tight, leaders wanted to maximise profits and enforced little regulation.\u003cbr/\u003eNow, the post-apartheid government is under pressure to come up with a plan to hold companies accountable for effects of derelict and abandoned mines, for which mining companies deny responsibility.\u003cbr/\u003eSenior executives from the Chamber of Mines, an industry trade group, report most of the toxic water that flows into rivers comes from abandoned mine sites which have no owners and thus the responsibility to put into place water pollution control measures lies with the state\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the department of energy and mineral engineering at Penn State University, in the US, mine companies have somewhat contained the effects of toxic mine water because of tight government regulations. \u003cbr/\u003eThe US has taken a tough stance on acid mine drainage over the last 30-40 years.\u003cbr/\u003eThe University says in the 1970s a US mine was fined (USD) $10,000 on the spot because of one dead fish found. \u003cbr/\u003eIn America there are not only strict laws on environmental compliance, but also on the water purification process, which uses limestone to lower acidity.\u003cbr/\u003ePurifying the toxic water with limestone would solve the problem, but it is costly and unsustainable, Liefferink believes.\u003cbr/\u003eGovernment spokesman Sputnik Ratau says his administration considers dangerous mine waste a \"high priority,\" but acknowledges it was not given serious attention until the government set up a committee to study the issue in September.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a high priority because it has an impact not just now but on the longevity of the people who are living within the three basins where the acid mine drainage is prevalent. And anything that has got an impact on the livelihood of the people of this country has got to be a priority for the government of this country so that the correct decisions can be taken in order to alleviate such problems that may arise,\" he says.\u003cbr/\u003eMining accounts for 17 percent of the total goods produced by South Africa and is a cornerstone of the economy, Ratau says.\u003cbr/\u003eHe adds: \"What has happened is that because the necessary steps were not taken from day one when mining happened to look at the environmental impact and how that can be taken care of, we are now reaping what we would now call the benefit or the misfortune of the benefit that we had as the legacy of mining in this country.\"\u003cbr/\u003eUntil firmer action is taken the shores and waters of this lake remain an environmental concern for humans and animals.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton 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id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: South Africa mines polluting water supply\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"South Africa mines polluting water supply\" title=\"South Africa mines polluting water supply\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}