{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Female circumcision condemned ahead of International Women\u0026#39;s Day' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bdfbd8eafeecae13826e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bdfbd8eafeecae13826e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nFemale circumcision condemned ahead of International Women\u0026#39;s Day\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBukwo District Eastern Uganda, December 20th 20081. Wide shot of crowd dancing.2. Mid shot of crowd dancing.3. Wide shot of girls to be circumcised being prepared.4. Close up of girl's face being rubbed with a mud and ash mixture 5....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBukwo District Eastern Uganda, December 20th 2008\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot of crowd dancing.\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid shot of crowd dancing.\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide shot of girls to be circumcised being prepared.\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close up of girl's face being rubbed with a mud and ash mixture \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of girl's legs being rubbed with a mud and ash mixture\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide shot of women cheering on a girl as she is circumcised\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide shot of crowd watching circumcision from a distance\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE: (Kupsabiny) Agnes Chebet, Circumciser\u003cbr/\u003e\"I have been circumcising for the last twenty five years. This is my job and a form of income and it is through me that people will know if the girl is a virgin or not. If she is not it will be an embarrassment to the family, so through this practice the girls here uphold respect.\"\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide shot of girls walking to the circumcision grounds\u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid shot of girl walking and lying down to be circumcised in the middle of the crowd\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide shot of crowd watching circumcision \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide shot of village members dancing in celebration of the circumcision of their girls\u003cbr/\u003e13. Mid shot of celebrations\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide shot of celebrations\u003cbr/\u003eNairobi, Kenya, January 28th 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide shot with truck driving away from Kibera shanty town .\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid shot tilt up of Kadhra Abubakar sewing\u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid shot of Kadhra Abubakar sewing\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (Swahili): Kadhra Abubakar, circumcised woman:\u003cbr/\u003e\"In the past when we went through this process, we had a lot of respect for our parents up to the point of marriage, and we would marry as virgins. These days things have changed. Virginity is not valued like it was in the past.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBukwo District Eastern, Uganda December 20th 2008\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide night shot of celebrations after the circumcisions\u003cbr/\u003e20. Mid shot of celebrations.\u003cbr/\u003e21. Close up of girl who will be circumcised in the morning blowing a whistle.\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid shot of girls' legs covered with ash and mud\u003cbr/\u003e23. Various of celebrations\u003cbr/\u003eKampala, Uganda, December 22nd 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide shot of city centre.\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid shot of street.\u003cbr/\u003e26. Mid shot of Dr. Tony Mulumba arranging his files\u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (English): Dr. Tony Mulumba, Gynaecologist, Ugandan Ministry of Health:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When you look at how the people look after the wound that has been introduced on the body it's very tricky. Hygiene wise there can be infection, the Candida infection can be introduced onto the wound and other micro organisms which may end up with someone getting a problem in her genitalia. When you look at it from the medical point of view we know that this is a sensitive part in the human genitalia so when it is removed, or cut off brutally, these people may never enjoy their marriages.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKampala, Uganda, October 1st 2008\u003cbr/\u003e28. Various of Kampala city centre\u003cbr/\u003eKampala, Uganda, 22 December 2008\u003cbr/\u003e29. Mid shot of Mabel Kianda talking to a man\u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE (English): Mabel Kianda, Kampala resident:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Cultures that are practising it for their kind of culture, because I know most people who practise it practise it because of culture. I think in my own view they should stop it because it is really inhuman and it is not good, yes to women.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBukwo District, Eastern Uganda, December 20th 2008\u003cbr/\u003e31. Tilt down of men celebrating in the night while they drink traditional brew \"Komeck\" a traditional brew made of millet and maize).\u003cbr/\u003e32. Close up of traditional brew \"Komeck\" in a container.\u003cbr/\u003e33. Mid shot of men singing and dancing.\u003cbr/\u003e34. Mid shot of man singing.\u003cbr/\u003e35. Various shots of celebrations in the night after circumcisions have been completed.\u003cbr/\u003eFemale circumcision has led to maiming and even death for thousands of women around the world.\u003cbr/\u003eOver one hundred million women and girls are believed to have been subjected to the practice for cultural and religious reasons. \u003cbr/\u003eFor many the trauma of the event and its subsequent memories can damage the rest of their lives.\u003cbr/\u003eThose who carry out the operations say it's a way of ensuring young women remain virgins before marriage.\u003cbr/\u003eFor these villagers in eastern Uganda it's a rite of passage, a landmark between being a girl and a woman, which must be celebrated. \u003cbr/\u003eThe girls are lining up, waiting to be circumcised in public. \u003cbr/\u003eWhether they want it or not, they're taught to believe that it is a part of traditional culture they should be proud of.\u003cbr/\u003eThe women of the Sabiny tribe dress up in their best frocks, and the young girls are led to a nearby river where they are covered with a mixture of ash and mud - believed to be a sign of beauty.\u003cbr/\u003eSome are very young, just eight years old. \u003cbr/\u003eOne by one the girls are thrown to the ground, and the primitive operation is performed.\u003cbr/\u003eNo crying, screaming, or any outward sign of pain is allowed because it is\u003cbr/\u003ebelieved that the girls should endure the pain. But they are expected to sing as part of the celebration of their ancient ritual.\u003cbr/\u003eGenital mutilation here is not a clean surgical procedure, and the women who do it use whatever is available: a blunt knife, a razor blade, or even a piece of broken glass.\u003cbr/\u003eThere is no privacy and importantly, anaesthesia to dull the pain is strictly prohibited, because experiencing the pain is seen as a part of the ritual. It symbolises the fact  that the girl can endure pain, whether in birth, life, or death. \u003cbr/\u003eOnly then is she considered ready for marriage. \u003cbr/\u003eBefore a girl is circumcised, a traditional antibiotic made from traditional plants and ash is thrown around the genitals to help against infection and although doctors insist there is nothing to show this prevents infections, the locals are convinced. \u003cbr/\u003eThe United Nations population Fund (UNFPA) claims female genital mutilation or cutting has both immediate and long-term consequences for the health of women. \u003cbr/\u003eFMG/C refers to the removal of all or part of the female genitalia. \u003cbr/\u003eDespite global efforts to promote abandonment of the practice, it remains widespread in many developing countries, and has spread to other parts of the world, such as Europe and North America, where some immigrant families have now settled.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the UNFPA some 3 million women and girls face FGM/C every year, while some 100 to 140 million have already undergone the practice. \u003cbr/\u003eThe majority live in 28 countries in Africa and Western Asia. The practice has also been reported among certain populations in India, Indonesia and Malaysia. \u003cbr/\u003eHere in Uganda, Agnes Chebet has been earning a living by carrying out this ritual for a quarter of a century. She says this is the way a girl can prove her virginity and gain respect. If the procedure isn't done she will be seen as an embarrassment to her family.\u003cbr/\u003eIn this community and in many others like it, a girl who has not been circumcised is considered to be unclean , which brings great shame on her family. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Sabiny believe that once FMG/C has been carried out the girls will not be sexually promiscuous and remain true to their husbands.\u003cbr/\u003eThese communities insist that the girls are virgins when they marry and that adultery is very rare.\u003cbr/\u003eKadhra Abubakar left her village years ago and now lives in one of East Africa's largest shanty towns, Kibera in the heart of the Kenyan capital Nairobi. \u003cbr/\u003eShe too has been circumcised, but she believes that times have changed and that virginity is not as prized as it was in the past.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Tony Mulumba, a gynaecologist at the Ministry of Health in Uganda, says the mutilation often leads to infections such as Candida.\u003cbr/\u003eThe UNFPA says it can lead to a number of immediate and long term complications including anaemia , urinary incontinence and infertility. \u003cbr/\u003eCities like Kampala are a world apart. People go about their their daily lives without such rituals.\u003cbr/\u003eMany young women here like Mable Kianda are aware that the practice exists, but believe it is inhuman.\u003cbr/\u003eThe older women of the Sabiny tribe are the only ones allowed to circumcise. \u003cbr/\u003eThe men stand by drinking Komeck, a brew of fermented millet and maize, and they urge on the ritual.\u003cbr/\u003eAs night draws in a second group of girls are circumcised while the rest of the villagers dance and sing songs.\u003cbr/\u003eThese age old practices have endure despite rapid modernisation and urbanisation and it could be a long time before it is finally eradicated.\u003cbr/\u003eNote: International Women's Day is on March 8 2009.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid 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