{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Stem cell scientists overcome a major obstacle to creating whole organs' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bde5d8eafeecae137853' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bde5d8eafeecae137853' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nStem cell scientists overcome a major obstacle to creating whole organs\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eThere's some excitement in the air at Stamford University and it's due to the stem cell research taking place in these these laboratories.Scientists here claim they've taken a big step toward using the cell's regenerative properties to...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eThere's some excitement in the air at Stamford University and it's due to the stem cell research taking place in these these laboratories.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists here claim they've taken a big step toward using the cell's regenerative properties to create solid organs using existing tissue. \u003cbr/\u003eOn a monitor connected to a microscope doctor Jason Glotzbach points to a panel of flesh taken from a rat.\u003cbr/\u003eThe underlying tissue, the fat and blood vessels connected to the piece of skin, have been removed, leaving it connected by canulas to the artery and the vein. \u003cbr/\u003eWith the new technique this lump of flesh is used as a \"bio-scaffold,\" or a seeding bed for the stem cells.\u003cbr/\u003eAn important step in the new technique is the use of microcirculatory beds, or mini-circulatory units using the main vein and artery.\u003cbr/\u003eThe tissue is kept alive on a bio-reactor, which pumps a blood-like liquid through through it.\u003cbr/\u003eThe tissue would die quickly without this life-support system, but the bio-reactor keeps it alive and healthy for up to 24 hours, long enough to embed the stem cells. \u003cbr/\u003eBecause the animal's own tissue is used, it is less likely to be rejected by the body than synthetic tissue. \u003cbr/\u003eThe whole thing is finally reinserted into the animal, gradually transforming existing tissue into new types of cells. \u003cbr/\u003eThis method allows scientists to side step the problem of creating a new system of blood vessels in the bio-engineered tissue and these doctors say it's this which has held them back.\u003cbr/\u003eGeoffrey Gurtner is professor of surgery at Stanford's Cancer Center. \u003cbr/\u003eAs the leader of this research he hopes to be able to use the new technique to replace some of the liver's function and he is hopeful it can eventually be used on other organs.\u003cbr/\u003eSo far all the experiments have been restricted to rats so there is no guarantee that this technique will work in humans.\u003cbr/\u003eAlso the team used multipotent stem cells from a variety of sources, including bone marrow and fat tissue. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is important because unlike embryonic stem cells, which can become any type of cell in the body, multipotent cells are far more restricted in their potential.\u003cbr/\u003eAcross the San Francisco Bay, researchers at the University of California Berkeley are also keenly interested in the therapeutic potential of stem cells. \u003cbr/\u003eDavid Schaffer, a Professor of Chemical engineering and co-director of Berkeley's Stem Cell Center says Gurtner's innovation is a clear way to avoid having to build artificial tissue in the potential construction of organs. \u003cbr/\u003eBut he also urges extreme caution until the technique has been proven in humans. \u003cbr/\u003eGurtner's team is now trying to use the technique to deliver Factor VIII and Factor IX, the crucial blood-clotting components missing in people with haemophilia.\u003cbr/\u003eBut they admit that they're nowhere near being able to generate whole organs and they even agree that other more effective methods might be developed more quickly.\u003cbr/\u003eHowever the team also argues that until science finds a way to fabricate an organ in all its complexity, we need to find more options for patients who are dying while waiting for transplants.\u003cbr/\u003eCalifornia, US, April 6, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Sign at entrance to Stanford University Medical Center \u003cbr/\u003e2. Pink tulips in foreground, people walking in background\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close pink tulips\u003cbr/\u003e4. Sign for Lorry I. Lokey Stem Cell Research Center, under construction\u003cbr/\u003e5. Various wide shots of Medical Center Campus\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid shot of doctor Jason Glotzbach at microscope\u003cbr/\u003e7. Extreme close shot through microscope;\u003cbr/\u003e8. UPSOUND: (English), Dr. Jason Glotzbach\u003cbr/\u003e\"So this is the skin, this white rectangle here, and all this is the fat and subcutaneous tissue underneath.\" \u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Jason Glotzbach\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is looking at the monitor through the microscope. So this is skin here, the square piece of skin that we've excised with the underlying tissue, the fat and blood vessels that are connected to this piece of skin and been removed as well, and then there's an artery and vein that are connected to this piece of tissue so that's coming down here, you can sort of see it and these canulas are connected into the artery and into the vein. So we have a single piece of tissue that's completely removed from the animal and we have a one artery going in and then one vein coming out.\" \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close shot on monitor of microscope view\u003cbr/\u003e11. Mid shot of researchers connecting tissue to bioreactor\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close shot of researchers connecting tissue to bioreactor\u003cbr/\u003e13. Mid shot Dr. Geoffrey Gurtner at desk looking at tissue development on screen\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close up side view of face\u003cbr/\u003e15. UPSOUND: (English), Dr. Geoffrey Gurtner MD, associate professor of surgery, Stanford University\u003cbr/\u003e\"So here what you're seeing is that piece of tissue and all these blocks here are blocks of stem cells and they're all viable, they're all healthy.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Tight close up of Gurtner's face                                                                                  \u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Geoffrey Gurtner, Stanford University, associate professor of surgery\u003cbr/\u003e\"We've developed a way to overcome one of the big problems in tissue engineering which is how do you get blood vessels into big blocks of tissue so that you can potentially make things like hearts or livers or very solid organs, and we've done it in a somewhat unique way. Because we're surgeons, we're used to moving around big blocks of tissue that contain microvascular beds and in this paper that we published we've actually taken those microvascular beds out and then used them as that scaffold to seed stem cells and then put them back into an animal.\"\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close shot at bio reactor after tissue is connected\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close shot pump\u003cbr/\u003e20. Medium shot of bioreactor\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Geoffrey Gurtner, associate professor of surgery, Stanford University\u003cbr/\u003e\"What I do is I move around big blocks of tissue to reconstruct cancer patients and in the process of doing that I realized I was actually moving not just the tissue, but the blood vessels. The way we keep those pieces of tissue alive is by sewing together a single artery and a single vein and so I thought well if we're able to do this routinely clinically now, maybe we could use this micro-vascular bed as a way to transport very large volumes of stem cells.\" \u003cbr/\u003eCalifornia, US, April 9, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid shot to entrance to building on Berkeley campus\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close up sign for Stanley Hall\u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide of  Dr. David Schaffer walking in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e25. Close of feet walking out of shot \u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. David Schaffer, co-director, Berkeley University Stem Cell Center\u003cbr/\u003e\"This study, by taking pre-existing mature vasculature (arrangement of blood cells in an organ) actually circumvents the need to build your own vasculature within a tissue-engineered equivalent and as a result it promises to greatly enhance the survival of the resulting tissue once it's implanted inside the body.\"\u003cbr/\u003e27. Various of Schaffer consulting reference book \u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. David Schaffer, co-director, Berkeley University Stem Cell Center\u003cbr/\u003e\"It needs to be done for human tissue before one can begin to translate this toward clinical applications, so that's one significant challenge. A second challenge is building functionality into that tissue.\"\u003cbr/\u003e29. Various of researcher in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003eAmerican stem cell scientists are claiming they've overcome a major obstacle to their goal of being able to grow whole replacement organs.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Stamford University's surgeons previously, they haven't been able to get a reliable blood supply to the growing tissue.\u003cbr/\u003eBut now they claim they have a solution to a problem which has dogged stem cell research.  \u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' 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