{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Artificial corneas correct a type of blindness which strikes million of people' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bde5d8eafeecae137841' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bde5d8eafeecae137841' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nArtificial corneas correct a type of blindness which strikes million of people\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eLinkoping, Sweden September 23, 20101. Close up of artificial cornea held by pliers2. Various of scientists in the laboratory at Linkoping's University3. Low mid shot of scientist mixing collagen used to create artificial corneas4....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eLinkoping, Sweden September 23, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Close up of artificial cornea held by pliers\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of scientists in the laboratory at Linkoping's University\u003cbr/\u003e3. Low mid shot of scientist mixing collagen used to create artificial corneas\u003cbr/\u003e4. Various close up shots of moulds used to make corneas being filled and closed \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of artificial cornea being held over petri dish \u003cbr/\u003e6. Close zoom out of Dr. May Griffith looking in microscope to mid shot of her using computer\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. May Griffith, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute and professor of regenerative medicine, Linkoping :\u003cbr/\u003e\"The cornea is the transparent window covering the eye and when it's healthy it's completely transparent to let light in to the back of the eye to the retina so that people can see. There are many conditions, however, that would cause this cornea to become cloudy. In children it's malnutrition, disease. In grown-ups simply ageing would do this. So, in general human corneas which are donated after death are used to replace the damaged or diseased cornea. However, there's a worldwide shortage of these corneas and that is why we have tried to develop a replacement to human donor corneas for transplantation.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Close of artificial cornea being picked out of petri dish with pliers\u003cbr/\u003eLinkoping, Sweden\u003cbr/\u003eVNR: Must credit Per Fagerholm \u0026amp; Neil Lagali, Linkoping University\u003cbr/\u003e9. Extract of video showing close up removal of damaged human cornea ++MUTE++\u003cbr/\u003eLinkoping, Sweden September 23, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e10. Various of Neil Lagali, Senior lecturer, Linkoping University, examining man's eye (high tone is natsound from machine)\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English), Neil Lagali, Senior lecturer, Linkoping University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It was the first time we were able to see how a bio material actually interacts with the human eye and whether or not the nerves and the cells of the eye, of the patient's eye, would actually grow in to this artificially-created material.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVNR: Must credit Per Fagerholm \u0026amp; Neil Lagali, Linkoping University\u003cbr/\u003e12. Extract of video showing close up of procedure to attach artificial cornea to the patient's eye++MUTE++\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English), Neil Lagali, Senior lecturer, Linkoping University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"A number of patients were considered legally blind before the operation and now these patients can, for example, drive a car. They are able to get certified to get their license to drive a car. Other than that to perform daily tasks that they need to do, for example, for their work. It enables them to go back to work now.\"\u003cbr/\u003eStockholm, Sweden, September 22, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of Madeleine Fredriksson working at computer\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: (Swedish), Madeleine Fredriksson, patient waiting for artificial cornea transplant:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I have two small children, so maybe after the operation I will be able to cut their nails and see allergic spots on their faces. Small things like this would make the day a lot easier if I did not have to ask for help.\"\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up of Fredriksson's eyes\u003cbr/\u003eLinkoping, Sweden, September 23, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e17. Various of Lagali examining a male patient\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English), Neil Lagali, Senior lecturer, Linkoping University\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our goal is to supplement the supply of human donor corneas, not only in developed countries where there are waiting lists, in developing countries as well where millions of people can go blind because of no access to transplant material. So that is our goal in the future.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Various of scientist measuring  thickness of various samples\u003cbr/\u003eA ground-breaking procedure is being developed to correct a type of blindness which strikes 10 million people each year.\u003cbr/\u003eTo overcome a worldwide shortage of human donors, scientists from Canada and Sweden are producing artificial corneas to replace those damaged by malnutrition, disease, or old age.\u003cbr/\u003eThis little film like sliver of biosynthetic material may one day be used to help restore sight.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's an artificial cornea, the film-like covering of the eye's surface that helps it focus light.\u003cbr/\u003eHealthy corneas are essential to good sight, but they're fragile and easily harmed by injury, or infection.\u003cbr/\u003eUntil now vision has mostly been restored after a cornea transplantation.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the US for example 42,000 people a year get these transplants.\u003cbr/\u003eBut this relies on donors and they're not available in many countries.\u003cbr/\u003eAn estimated 10 million people worldwide suffer with corneal blindness.\u003cbr/\u003eTransplants from human donors also bring risk of rejection.\u003cbr/\u003eNow scientists have created a new kind of artificial cornea, inserting an extremely fine piece of collagen into the eye.\u003cbr/\u003eThis coaxes its own natural corneal cells to re-grow and restore vision.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists at Sweden's Linkoping University have tried out the procedure in a first-stage study of 10 patients.\u003cbr/\u003eMuch larger studies are still essential before it can be used and that can take years, but the scientists here are pleased with the results so far.\u003cbr/\u003eBut it is a step toward developing an alternative to standard corneal transplants.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. May Griffith began developing biosynthetic corneas at Canada's University of Ottawa a decade ago.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter years of research in the laboratory, she's now collaborating with the scientists at Link�ping. \u003cbr/\u003eThe first task for Griffith and her colleagues is to create the cornea.\u003cbr/\u003eThis is made out of human collagen grown in yeast.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's then moulded into the shape of a cornea, like a contact lens.\u003cbr/\u003eFootage from the operation shows how the cornea was removed from 10 patients with severe vision loss from damage to a corneal layer.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Griffith explains \"The cornea is the transparent window covering the eye and when it is healthy it is completely transparent to let light in to the back of the eye to the retina so that people can see.\"\u003cbr/\u003eShe says the sight is impaired when something causes the cornea to become cloudy. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Griffith it can be created by many factors, \"in children it is malnutrition, disease. In grown-ups simply aging would do this. In general human corneas which are donated after death are used to replace the damaged or diseased cornea\". \u003cbr/\u003eBut she says \"there is a worldwide shortage of these corneas and that is why we have tried to develop a replacement to human donor corneas for transplantation.\"\u003cbr/\u003eOnce the damaged tissue is removed from the patient's eye, the new biosynthetic cornea implanted.\u003cbr/\u003eSoon, cells that line a healthy cornea started growing in the collagen.\u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers look for tear production to be normalised and even report that corneal nerves grew back.\u003cbr/\u003eThey tested this by measuring sensitivity.\u003cbr/\u003eThere was no rejection in any of the patients in the trial and an added bonus was that they didn't need immune-suppressing medication.\u003cbr/\u003eTwo years after having the transplant six of the ten -patients had significantly improved vision when they wore glasses.\u003cbr/\u003eWhen implanted with contact lenses that they hadn't previously been able tolerate, the patients saw as well as a similar group of patients who had received standard corneal transplants.\u003cbr/\u003eAnother member of the Linkoping team Neil Lagali is encouraged by the results.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"a number of patients were considered legally blind before the operation. And now these patients can, for example, drive a car.\" \u003cbr/\u003eMadeleine Fredriksson was born with a disease which caused her cornea to become cloudy.\u003cbr/\u003eHer vision was very limited vision, but she managed to continue her secretarial job.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter the birth of her first child Fredriksson's vision decreased, suddenly and dramatically.\u003cbr/\u003eHer sister, suffering from the same disease, has had four human cornea transplants with very limited success.\u003cbr/\u003eFredriksson has been advised that she probably won't benefit from a human transplant and told to wait for the artificial corneas to become available.\u003cbr/\u003eShe now hopes to be a part of the next round of studies at Linkoping University.\u003cbr/\u003eCaring for her children is the main reason she wants to improve her vision.\u003cbr/\u003eFredriksson says \"I have two small children so maybe after the operation I will be able to cut their nails and see allergic spots on their faces. Small things like this would make the day a lot easier if I did not have to ask for help.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLagali is looking forward to the new trials.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"our goal is to supplement the supply of human donor corneas,  not only in developed countries where there are waiting lists but also in developing countries as well where millions of people can go blind because of no access to transplant material.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe team at Linkoping University are hopeful the artificial corneas will become available to general patients within the next decade.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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