{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='US researchers solving the dilemma over biofuel or food' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd99d8eafeecae135494' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd99d8eafeecae135494' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nUS researchers solving the dilemma over biofuel or food\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eJuly 10, 2008 - Massachusetts and Louisiana, USA  Jennings, Louisiana. United States,  July 9, 2008 1. Wide shot water storage tank 2. Pan left backhoe dumping bagasse into tank 3. Medium shot backhoe 4. Medium shot worker moving bagasse...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eJuly 10, 2008 - Massachusetts and Louisiana, USA  \u003cbr/\u003eJennings, Louisiana. United States,  July 9, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot water storage tank \u003cbr/\u003e2. Pan left backhoe dumping bagasse into tank \u003cbr/\u003e3. Medium shot backhoe \u003cbr/\u003e4. Medium shot worker moving bagasse with pitchfork \u003cbr/\u003e5. Close shot pitchfork and bagasse \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English) Matthew Musial, Operations Manager for Verenium's Demonstration Plant \u003cbr/\u003e\"This is the cellulosic biomass material that we use as our raw material to produce ethanol. It's kind of a mulchy material, it smells a little bit like molasses. But if you look at it, it's ground-up sugarcane after the sugar has been extracted.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e8. Close shot Musial shows material \u003cbr/\u003e10. Close shot hydrolyser feed conveyor \u003cbr/\u003e11. UPSOUND (English) Matthew Musial, Operations Manager for Verenium's Demonstration Plant (picture overlaid and Musial explains how plant is processed through machines)\u003cbr/\u003e\"That's where the acid and steam is injected. There's a screw that brings it out horizontally towards us. We can control the resonance time by varying the speed of that screw. And then it's blow up into this vessel here called our cyclone.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e12. Tilt up cylone  \u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide shot enzyme propagation area \u003cbr/\u003e15. Close shot enzyme propagator \u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide shot plant \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close shot steam  \u003cbr/\u003eWoods Hole, Massachusetts.United States,  July 19, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide shot sign for Woods Hole Research Centre\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide shot Eric Davidson walking \u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE (English) Eric Davidson, Senior Scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center:  \u003cbr/\u003e\"if we can use other sources where we are not competing directly with food crops we can use sources of carbon that come from trees, come from shrubs, grasses that grow in places that aren't prime agricultural land then that potentially could be very beneficial, but we have to look at what the consequences of those are.\"\u003cbr/\u003e Abbeville, La. - July 9, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e21. Truck at sugar plantation approaching \u003cbr/\u003e22. Sugarcane seen from moving truck \u003cbr/\u003e23. Pan left sugarcane from moving truck; UPSOUND Joe Judice, Sugar Farmer: \u003cbr/\u003e\"This is where that cane starts growing. If you start getting rain like in July and August - an inch a day.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e24. Walking shot, Joe Judice in cane field \u003cbr/\u003e25. Close pan right, cane leaves \u003cbr/\u003e26. Walking shot, Joe Judice's feet walking \u003cbr/\u003e27. SOUNDBITE (English) Joe Judice, Sugar Farmer: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We're very proud of our heritage, but it's a tremendous challenge. We have to change if we're going to survive, and I think for the good of this country as well as our industry, we have to turn our crops into energy as well as food.\" \u003cbr/\u003e28. Medium shot Rob Judice biting off a piece of sugar cane \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close shot sugar cane section \u003cbr/\u003e30. Close shot energy cane\u003cbr/\u003e32. Pan left cane leaves from moving truck \u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE (English) Joe Judice, Sugar Farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We've expanded, we cover more acres, but the law of diminishing returns takes in. I mean, if we can't find a way to add value to what we do, we're history. And it would be a sad day for me to see this industry die while I'm still in it.\" \u003cbr/\u003e34. Wide shot from moving truck, sugarcane and soybean crops  \u003cbr/\u003eSomerville, Mass. - July 17, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e35.Close shot Bill Moomaw working at computer \u003cbr/\u003e36. SOUNDBITE (English) Bill Moomaw, Professor of International Environmental Policy at the Fletcher School at Tufts University \"The very best thing to use would be a waste product. So whether that's just plain garbage, or waste paper, or bagasse from sugar cane or the cellulose from a perennial grass that isn't going to be in competition with food production. But if it's a material that comes through some other industrial process and is going to be thrown away, that's absolutely the best way to go.\"  \u003cbr/\u003e37. Tilt up Bill Moomaw taking book from shelf \u003cbr/\u003e38. SOUNDBITE (English) Bill Moomaw, Professor of International Environmental Policy at the Fletcher School at Tufts University  \u003cbr/\u003e\"As I said we have a lot of bright people working on this, so I am quite optimistic that some form of cellulosic ethanol will be in use within the next, I don't know, five years or so, that it ought to be commercially available by then. And of course it'll take another five years to scale up so that it's really significant. And after that who knows how far we'll go with it.\"   \u003cbr/\u003eNew Iberia, La,- July 19, 2008 \u003cbr/\u003e39. Wide shot Iberia sugar coop \u003cbr/\u003e40. Wide shot Iberia sugar coop  \u003cbr/\u003eDifferences over how to tackle climate change have intensified with the world apparently slipping into the grip of recession. \u003cbr/\u003eMuch of the emphasis so far has been powering cars and machinery with bio-fuels such as ethanol.\u003cbr/\u003eBut growing crops for fuel reduces the land available for food production, and pushes prices higher, making it tougher for families everywhere to pay their household bills.\u003cbr/\u003eIn America companies are looking at yet another form of ethanol which they claim doesn't affect the food chain. \u003cbr/\u003eScientists are hoping plants like this one will help us escape the dilemma global warming is confronting us with - do we use prime agricultural land to make food, or do we use it to make energy?\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the ways to solve the problem is to stop the two needs competing with each other.\u003cbr/\u003eHere the Verenium Corporation is one of many companies who are attempting to do that by turning the waste product from a necessary agricultural product into fuel. They're searching for non-edible organic material to develop cellulosic ethanol, without affecting the food chain. \u003cbr/\u003eIn this case the ethanol is being made from sugarcane bagasse, the brittle material left over from sugar production.\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers are still modifying the distillation method used at this 1.4 million gallon-per-year demonstration factory. But they're hoping to be delivering cost-competitive ethanol on a commercial scale by 2011.   \u003cbr/\u003eThe company is so confident of the technology that it's considering additional US plants in Florida, Texas, and Louisiana, and has licensed its technology to plants in Japan and Thailand. \u003cbr/\u003eEuropean oil giant BP plans to invest $90 million (US) in Verenium to speed the development of cellulosic ethanol in the US.   \u003cbr/\u003eIt's not the only one. There are other major competitors in the race to produce an economically viable alternative fuel using this method. \u003cbr/\u003eThese include Canada's Iogen Corporation and Range Fuels, in the US state of Georgia, which focuses on wood leftover from timber harvesting.   \u003cbr/\u003eAt Verenium, sugarcane bagasse, which resembles brown mulch, is fed into a hydrolyser, where it is subjected \u003cbr/\u003eto high temperatures and a low concentration of acid to liquefy the material. Solids are then separated from liquids in giant presses. \u003cbr/\u003eThe two products are fermented separately using enzymes, then recombined and purified in two distillation columns. \u003cbr/\u003eThe liquid from this is taken into storage and treated after which time it becomes fuel grade ethanol.   \u003cbr/\u003eBut Verenium is using a combination of sugarcane bagasse and energy cane, a specially-bred  form of sugarcane, which has less sugar and more fibre than cane used for sugar production. \u003cbr/\u003eThe company also plans to use a variety of feed stocks in the future, and has already begun testing wood and  switchgrass.   \u003cbr/\u003eBut climate change specialists at the Woods Hole Research Centre in Massachusetts are urging caution.\u003cbr/\u003eSenior scientist Eric Davidson says any kind of ethanol presents risks for food prices and wildlife habitat as cultivation of feedstock takes up more land.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says making cellulosic ethanol from a true agricultural waste product like bagasse has great potential, but he's also warning increased demand for cellulose could increase environmental damage if it's not managed properly.   \u003cbr/\u003eJoe Judice, a sixth-generation sugarcane and soybean farmer in Louisiana. He's relying on ethanol production to keep his business alive in the face of rising fuel costs and a drop in earnings from sugar.  \u003cbr/\u003eJudice is vice president of  a Louisiana cooperative has been working with Verenium. He says the by product can be a nuisance for sugar producers to get rid of. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Judice farm is also cultivating energy cane. He's expecting to produce 10,000 tons of bagasse this year.   \u003cbr/\u003eBill Moomaw, Professor of International Environmental Policy at Tufts University's Fletcher School in Somerville, Massachusetts, says that using a true waste product would be ideal -- there would be no additional pollution from cultivation or competition for land used to grow food.   \u003cbr/\u003eMoomaw contributed to the understanding of global carbon issues as part of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, which won the Nobel Prize with Al Gore. He says that it's difficult to know how close \u003cbr/\u003ecompanies are to an economically viable formula because they are so secretive about their work, but he imagines that they are just a handful of years away from having a commercial product.   \u003cbr/\u003eOnly time will tell how society will manage this increased demand for the raw materials needed to make the fuel. But experts agree that cellulosic ethanol is on the way, and that it has the potential to become a major energy source in the years to come.  \u003cbr/\u003eThis week (13-14th October 2008) Environment Ministers from forty countries will meet to prepare for the United Nations Conference on climate change in December.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details 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