{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Iraq Chronology (C)' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd94d8eafeecae13529f' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd94d8eafeecae13529f' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nIraq Chronology (C)\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eIraq in AprilThousands of demonstrators took to the streets of Baghdad in early April to protest against the closure of an Arabic newspaper owned by a Shiite cleric, Moqtada al-Sadr. Coalition authorities in Baghdad claimed the paper had...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eIraq in April\u003cbr/\u003eThousands of demonstrators took to the streets of Baghdad in early April to protest against the closure of an Arabic newspaper owned by a Shiite cleric, Moqtada al-Sadr. Coalition authorities in Baghdad claimed the paper had incited violence against the occupying military forces. Days later, about five thousand members of the Mahdi Army, a Shiite militia proclaiming loyalty to al-Sadr, paraded in the Sadr City neighbourhood of Baghdad. Formerly called Saddam City, after the fall of the Iraqi regime the mainly Shiite district was renamed for Moqtada al-Sadr's father, Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr, a leading Shiite cleric who was killed in ambush by Saddam's security forces in 1999.\u003cbr/\u003eBaghdad - 2 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eMid shot of marchers \u003cbr/\u003eBaghdad - 3 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eClose up banner showing Mohammed Sadeq al-Sadr, Moqtada al-Sadr's father \u003cbr/\u003eAl-Mahdi Army militia members marching\u003cbr/\u003eMasked and uniformed children marching during demonstration\u003cbr/\u003eThe unrest among al-Sadr's supporters boiled over into a violent uprising days later in the staunchly Shiite regions of Baghdad, Najaf, Nasiriyah and Amarah. In Baghdad, Al-Mahdi militia fighters killed eight US soldiers in fighting in the city. Thirty Iraqis reportedly died in the clash. One Salvadoran and one US soldier were killed in an attack on a Spanish military base in the holy Iraqi city of Najaf. The Salvadoran force was in Iraq under Spanish command as part of an international brigade of troops from Central America. The Spanish-led force would pull out of Iraq in May, citing an election promise made by the new Spanish government.\u003cbr/\u003eSupporters of al-Sadr took over a police station and seized guns inside in Kufa, 11 kilometres north of Najaf. No police were in the station at the time. Protesters also took over a hospital, and groups of armed men gathered around the local mosque, waving flags and holding portraits of Moqtada al-Sadr and his father.\u003cbr/\u003eKufa - April 4, 2004\u003cbr/\u003ePeople waving flags and posters of Moqtada al-Sadr\u003cbr/\u003eArmed guard on roof of mosque\u003cbr/\u003eNajaf - April 4, 2004\u003cbr/\u003eVarious shots of crowds running on street, UPSOUND explosions, gunfire\u003cbr/\u003eTracking shot of protesters running along road, UPSOUND automatic gunfire and some larger explosions\u003cbr/\u003eMoqtada al-Sadr was reported to have taken refuge in a mosque in Kufa, surrounded by armed supporters. The US administrator in Iraq, Paul Bremer, warned that al-Sadr had placed himself outside law by calling for attacks against Coalition and Iraqi forces. A force of 2500 US troops backed by tanks and heavy artillery was deployed outside the city on Tuesday on a mission to \"capture or kill\" al-Sadr. But Iraqi Shiite clerical leaders launched hurried negotiations aimed at averting a US assault on the city. After a week of negotiations, US forces remained stationed outside Najaf and Kufa, and al-Sadr remained defiant. He threatened suicide attacks against any Coalition troops that attacked his strongholds. But he condemned as \"terrorism\" a coordinated suicide-bomb attack two days earlier in the southern cities of Basra and Zubair that had killed 73 people, many of them Iraqi children. \u003cbr/\u003eKufa - 25 July 2003\u003cbr/\u003eSide shot of cleric Moqtada al-Sadr preaching at Kufa mosque\u003cbr/\u003eNajaf - 13 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eWide of the Imam Ali shrine \u003cbr/\u003eKufa - 23 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eWorshippers praying at Kufa mosque\u003cbr/\u003eVarious shots of outside mosque, with Mahdi Army militiamen holding AK-47 on guard\u003cbr/\u003eThe showdown with al-Sadr threatened to heighten tensions with Iraq's Shiite Muslim majority at a time when the US forces were burdened by an insurgency by militants groups in the Sunni Triangle. After the gruesome murder and mutilation of four civilian US security contractors in Fallujah in May, US officials warned of a massive retaliation and surrounded the city with more than a thousand US Marines and Iraqi troops. The besieging troops moved in against the insurgents in early April, sparking intense fighting in the streets of the city of 200-thousand people. The four-day assault included air strikes by US warplanes and attack helicopters on insurgent Iraqi positions, and more than 280 Iraqis were reported to have been killed. At least four US Marines were also reported killed. Local people accused the US of killing around 40 civilian worshippers when a bomb from an F16 warplane was used to demolish the wall of a mosque to allow US troops to enter.\u003cbr/\u003eUS Pool\u003cbr/\u003eFallujah - 7 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eWide shot, zoom into injured marine getting out of tank\u003cbr/\u003eUS Pool\u003cbr/\u003eFallujah - 8 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eBuildings and large black plumes of smoke\u003cbr/\u003eSmoke in background with marine in foreground\u003cbr/\u003eMarines firing mortar, UPSOUND mortar fire.\u003cbr/\u003eCobra attack helicopter flying overhead, firing ordnance, passes Blackhawk helicopter, minaret of mosque in background.\u003cbr/\u003eFallujah - 7 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003ePull-out from street to wide shot of mosque after daybreak\u003cbr/\u003eMasked and armed fighters in street\u003cbr/\u003eAfter four days of heavy fighting in Fallujah, the Coalition halted its attack to allow residents to tend to the dead and wounded, and to let Iraqi government officials negotiate with the insurgents. But it was to be an uneasy ceasefire: just 90 minutes after the announcement, US marines were given orders to resume offensive operations after gunmen fired on them. Within days a fierce gun battle between US Marines and insurgents in the city had left one marine dead and seven others injured, and heavy fighting continued outside the besieged city and on the outskirts of Baghdad, 40 kilometres to the west. In the town of Abu Ghraib, just outside Baghdad, militants shot down a US Apache helicopter, killing its two crewmembers.\u003cbr/\u003eFallujah - 12 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eMarines targeting position\u003cbr/\u003eMarines shooting, UPSOUND gunfire \u003cbr/\u003eWide shot of buildings\u003cbr/\u003eMarines firing into the city\u003cbr/\u003eVarious shot of marines firing \u003cbr/\u003eEarly in April, a group calling itself the \"Mujahedeen Brigades\" captured three Japanese hostages in southern Iraq. In a videotaped communiqu�, the three hostages - two aid workers and a photojournalist - were shown being held at gunpoint. The kidnappers threatened to burn their captives alive unless Japan pulled its troops out of Iraq within three days. Despite public pressure in Japan, where many people had opposed the invasion of Iraq, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi refused to meet the kidnappers demands, saying he wouldn't give in to terrorism. Japan had deployed about 1000 support troops in Iraq and the immediate region, including over 500 soldiers on a mission to purify water and rebuild infrastructure in southern Iraq. The three Japanese hostages were released after a week, following negotiations by Muslim clerics with their kidnappers.\u003cbr/\u003eFour Italian men working as private security guards were kidnapped after they got into a taxi in Baghdad. Their captors released a video of the men holding up their passports, surrounded by masked gunmen who threatened to execute them unless the 3000 Italian troops and other Coalition forces pulled out of Iraq. Within two days the kidnappers released a second videotape, this time showing the grisly execution of one of the hostages and threatening to kill the others, one by one. Italy reacted with shock, but Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi refused to accede to the kidnappers' demands. Italy sought the help of an Iranian delegation to travel to Baghdad to secure the release of the hostages. \u003cbr/\u003eIntelligence sources reported of a loose economy of kidnapping groups operating in Iraq, with criminal gangs reported to be taking hostages in the hope of selling them to militants fighting the Coalition. The Coalition authorities announced at this time that about 40 foreign hostages from 12 countries were being held in Iraq, and that the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had been called in to help. \u003cbr/\u003eSome hostages were fortunate to escape without serious harm. Gary Teeley, a 37-year old British man working as a civilian engineer for Coalition forces in the southern city of Nasiriyah was abducted and held for six days by an Iraqi militant group, until he was released to Italian troops.\u003cbr/\u003eEight Ukrainian and Russian employees of a Russian energy company were also freed by their captors, a day after they were abducted from their residence in Baghdad. Seven Chinese citizens were also freed after being held for a day. They had been taken hostage in Fallujah after entering the country from Jordan, intending to set up a construction business in Iraq. \u003cbr/\u003eA French television journalist was taken hostage in Iraq as he was filming a US military convoy under attack. Alexandre Jordanov was captured on the road south of Baghdad. Jordanov was held captive for four days, but was released after drawing a map of France to prove that he was not an Israeli agent. His production company said that Sunni Muslim clerics had helped negotiate his release.\u003cbr/\u003eUnknown date and location\u003cbr/\u003eJapanese hostages with captors \u003cbr/\u003eJapanese hostages with captors \u003cbr/\u003eMoD Pool\u003cbr/\u003eBasra - 12 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eStill shot of Gary Teeley shortly after being released \u003cbr/\u003eBaghdad - 13 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eVarious shots of hostages in garden\u003cbr/\u003eAP Photos\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Unknown date and location\u003cbr/\u003eStill shot of French journalist Alexandre Jordanov\u003cbr/\u003eIraq's US-appointed interim government approved a new flag for the country, to replace the flag of the Saddam Hussein era. The old Iraqi flag had red and white bands across the top and bottom, with a white band between them with three green stars. During the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, Saddam added the Arabic words \"Allahu Akbar\", Arabic for \"God is greatest\", to boost the religious credentials of his secular regime. The new flag was presented in Iraqi newspapers. The design was white, with two parallel blue strips across the bottom representing the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and a yellow stripe between them representing Iraq's Kurdish minority. Above the stripes, a blue crescent represented Islam. But the new flag failed to become widespread or even common in Iraq, where the old flag was still preferred by most people in spite of its association with the Saddam regime. In the past, US administrators had quietly tried to alter the Iraqi flag by dropping the words \"Allahu Akbar,\" but Iraqis refused to abide by the change.\u003cbr/\u003eBaghdad - 26 April 2004\u003cbr/\u003eThe new flag and emblem of the republic shown in a newspaper \u003cbr/\u003eIraq in /May\u003cbr/\u003ePhotographs allegedly showing the abuse of Iraqi prisoners at the hands of US troops in the prison at Abu Ghraib near Baghdad caused outrage in Iraq and around the world, not least in the United States where the conduct of US forces was being kept under close scrutiny by the political opponents US President George W. Bush. The New Yorker magazine in the United States said it had obtained a U.S. army report that Iraqi prisoners were subjected to \"sadistic, blatant and wanton criminal abuses\" at the Abu Ghraib prison. \u003cbr/\u003eOutside Abu Ghraib prison, Iraqis could often be seen waiting for any information about the fate of those held inside. In the wake of the abuse allegations, one man outside said that he had only recently been released and that the way he had been treated inside was humiliating. Other Iraqis freed from the prison held a news conference in Baghdad to describe what they said was physical and psychological torture they had suffered at the hands of their US army jailers. \u003cbr/\u003eIn response to the outcry, President George Bush pledged to demolish the prison, saying it had been a symbol of death and torture under Saddam Hussein and had now become \"a symbol of disgraceful conduct by a few American troops who dishonoured our country and disregarded our values\" and the US began a series of courts martial against the soldiers it said had perpetrated the prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib. A 24-year-old US military policeman, Specialist Jeremy C. Sivits, would be the first of seven US army reservists to face trial. Sivits, a member of the 372nd Military Police Company, was charged with conspiracy to maltreat subordinates and detainees, dereliction of duty for negligently failing to protect detainees from abuse, and cruelty and maltreatment of detainees. He pleaded guilty on May 19 and was sentenced to a year in prison.\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Abu Ghraib, near Baghdad - April 2003\u003cbr/\u003eWide shot of Abu Ghraib prison\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Abu Ghraib - May 2004\u003cbr/\u003ePan across exterior of prison\u003cbr/\u003eAgency Pool\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Abu Ghraib - May 2004\u003cbr/\u003eVarious interior shots of prison\u003cbr/\u003eAbu Ghraib - 2 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (Arabic) A'la al-Duleimi, recently released from Abu Ghraib prison: \u003cbr/\u003e\"They have treated us worse than the pictures showed on the television stations. They stripped us, beat us, they humiliated us.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBaghdad - 9 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003eMan showing a picture of hand injury, allegedly caused by torture at Abu Ghraib\u003cbr/\u003eAP Photos\u003cbr/\u003eDate and location unknown\u003cbr/\u003eStill shot of US Army Specialist Jeremy Sivits from an undated family photograph\u003cbr/\u003eWashington DC, US - 10 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (English) George W. Bush, US President:\u003cbr/\u003e\"There will be a full accounting for the cruel and disgraceful abuse of Iraqi detainees. \"\u003cbr/\u003eUS Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld listening\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE (English) George W. Bush, US President: \u003cbr/\u003e\"One basic difference between democracies and dictatorships is that free countries confront such abuses openly and directly.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAbu Ghraib - 14 May 2004\u003cbr/\u003eVarious shots of a group prisoners getting off bus after being released from prison after questioning\u003cbr/\u003ePrisoners queuing\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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baghdad, u.s. army, militant groups, industrial products and services\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; 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