{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Look at ongoing fight between Berlusconi and the media' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd7cd8eafeecae134849' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd7cd8eafeecae134849' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nLook at ongoing fight between Berlusconi and the media\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eRome - October 5, 20091. Wide shot of ColiseumRome - September 10, 20092. Newspaper stand3. La Repubblica daily headline reads: (Italian) \"All Berlusconi's escorts\" 4. Various of newspapersRome - September 4, 20095. Wide of newspapers6....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eRome - October 5, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot of Coliseum\u003cbr/\u003eRome - September 10, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e2. Newspaper stand\u003cbr/\u003e3. La Repubblica daily headline reads: (Italian) \"All Berlusconi's escorts\" \u003cbr/\u003e4. Various of newspapers\u003cbr/\u003eRome - September 4, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of newspapers\u003cbr/\u003e6. Headline La Repubblica reading: (Italian) \"Boffo (editor of Avvenire newspaper) quits and accuses\" \u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide set up of Italian Prime Minister, Silvio Berlusconi approaching cameras\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Silvio Berlusconi, Italian Prime Minister:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If you read the newspapers today, I think you'll find everything but the truth, therefore drink the disinformation of which you are the protagonists. Poor Italy, with an information system like this!\" \u003cbr/\u003eRome - October 1, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid shot of sign on building exterior reads: (Italian) 'L'Unita' - headquarters of daily newspaper\u003cbr/\u003e10. Set-up of Concita de Gragorio, editor in chief of daily newspaper l'Unita', at her desk\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Concita De Gregorio, Editor in Chief of left wing daily L'Unita':\u003cbr/\u003e\"Italy, unlike many other countries, England for example, does not have mechanisms which force you to respond and take responsibility in case you sue someone without reason. You can sue anybody continuously, even every day. Then justice is very slow and those attacked like us need to defend themselves with very little means, so we end up spending a lot of our money and energies setting up a defence, and usually we win all causes. I haven't lost one in 30 years of my career, but for us it is an enormous cost and also a strong intimidation.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Close-up of a copy of legal action of Silvio Berlusconi against L'Unita'\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close-up of first page reading: (Italian) 'Rome Tribunal - legal act by Mr. Silvio Berlusconi etc.'\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Concita De Gregorio, Editor in Chief of left wing daily L'Unita':\u003cbr/\u003e\"The press in Italy is partially free. It can be influenced and it's often censored and more often censors itself. There is a power of intimidation, of blackmail, of threat, which at times acts directly and other times acts indirectly, but with very small newspapers like L'Unita' which don't have advertising. The Premier here invited all Italian businessmen not to buy advertising spaces on his enemy newspapers, but here you are, L'Unita' is a daily newspaper which lives without advertising.\" \u003cbr/\u003e14. Close-up of sticker on Di Gregorio's computer on Article 11 'Freedom of expression and information'\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (Italian) Edoardo Novelli, political communication Professor at Universita' Roma 3:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The problem of (interference) between politics and information in Italy is a historic one which has been going on for 200 years with radio information first and TV information later, and so it is a problem which does not concern Berlusconi only. It is obvious that when a premier takes over two roles, first as information tycoon and second as someone with the power to influence the public system, this becomes very worrying.\"\u003cbr/\u003eRome - October 3, 2009\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide of demo for press freedom\u003cbr/\u003e17. Rainbow banner among crowd of protesters\u003cbr/\u003e18. Banner reading 'Right to know - right to inform'\u003cbr/\u003e19. Protesters dressed with La Repubblica daily\u003cbr/\u003e20. Protester holding banner reading: 'Now sue me too'\u003cbr/\u003eFor a tycoon who owns newspapers, magazines and a TV station and is hailed as a great communicator, Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi is having a hard time with the media.\u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi has sued two left-leaning Italian newspapers, accused the public broadcaster of systematically campaigning against his government, and said on a prime-time TV show that there were \"too many scoundrels\" in the media.\u003cbr/\u003eHe recently said the government would not answer journalists' questions about an alleged sex scandal that has been engulfing him. \u003cbr/\u003eBefore an astounded Spanish premier, Berlusconi attacked El Pais, which has published risque photos of parties at the premier's villa amid the scandal. \u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi has also accused media mogul Rupert Murdoch, once a business ally, of mounting a campaign against him after some critical articles in the Murdoch-owned Times of London. \u003cbr/\u003eTo Berlusconi, freedom of the press should not be confused with the freedom to insult. \u003cbr/\u003eTo his critics, it's enough to say press freedom is under threat, amid attempts to intimidate journalists and silence dissent, especially on the crucially important airwaves.\u003cbr/\u003eA free press rally in Rome this weekend drew tens of thousands of people, some holding signs reading: \"Scoundrel\" or \"Now Sue Me, Too!\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe question is all the more crucial in Italy because of Berlusconi's concentration of power and interests. \u003cbr/\u003eConcita De Gregorio, the editor in chief of a L'Unita, one of the sued newspapers, believes in Italy there is the power to intimidate, blackmail, and threaten - sometimes directly and sometimes indirectly.\u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi has dismissed the accusations of interference as a \"joke\" and the demonstration as a \"farce\". \u003cbr/\u003eHe said this week that there was more press freedom in Italy than in any other Western country. \u003cbr/\u003eStill, the accusations have lingered over the premier and added to his difficulties over the alleged scandal, which began in the spring when Berlusconi's wife said she wanted a divorce and lamented the premier's dalliances with young women. \u003cbr/\u003eMedia rights group Reporters Without Borders has urged Berlusconi to stop his \"attacks\" on the press. \u003cbr/\u003eThe media rights chief of the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe has unsuccessfully pressured the premier to drop the lawsuits, saying that \"public officials should tolerate a higher level of criticism than ordinary citizens\".\u003cbr/\u003eWashington-based advocacy group Freedom House says Italy has slipped in the Partly Free Category, amid increased intimidation and concerns over the concentration of media ownership. \u003cbr/\u003eEven Berlusconi's critics say the main risk is one of threat and intimidation, not one of censorship.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a case that fired up Berlusconi's critics, a Berlusconi family-owned daily, Il Giornale, has fiercely attacked the editor of a Catholic publication who had been critical of the premier's behaviour amid the scandal. \u003cbr/\u003eThe editor, Dino Boffo, eventually resigned. \u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi also owns the country's largest private broadcaster, Mediaset. Governments also have indirect control of the state-run broadcaster RAI, a prerogative cabinets of all political persuasions have taken advantage of. \u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi's conservative government has been no exception, though at least one RAI channel out of three and some shows display a centre-left bias. \u003cbr/\u003eTogether, RAI and Mediaset account for about 90 of the free-to-air television channels in Italy. This is all the more significant because surveys have shown that a vast majority of Italians get their news from television.\u003cbr/\u003eFor all their virulent campaigns against Berlusconi, the newspapers that have been sued - La Repubblica, Italy's second-largest general-news daily, and L'Unita, the former mouthpiece of the Italian Communist Party - sell about 600-thousand copies combined in a country of about 58 (m) million people.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to media watch group Osservatorio Carlo Lombardi, more than 85.5 percent of the population says it watches TV at least three times a week, making it their primary source of information. \u003cbr/\u003eOver nine (m) million people, or 17.8 of the adult population, says they never read a newspaper. \u003cbr/\u003eBerlusconi has always said that people working in his media empire are free to say and do what they want. \u003cbr/\u003eBut he also says he has to protect himself, even as he claims his popularity is untouched. \u003cbr/\u003eBoth papers have been sued for articles related to the sex scandal for a total of about 4 (m) million Euros (5.8 million US dollars), according to the papers. \u003cbr/\u003eRepubblica has asked the premier to answer 10 questions, including about his \"state of health\" and whether the girls Berlusconi has invited to his residences might blackmail him and diminish his independence.\u003cbr/\u003eL'Unita has discussed Berlusconi's sexual prowess and quoted a former ally as saying he is a \"big pig\". The lawsuit, seen by the AP, cites several risque passages of the newspaper's allegations.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Edoardo Novelli believes that in Italy the origin of the problem of interference between politics and information dates back to two centuries ago when newspapers were born as political communication tools and journalism was not an independent voice.\u003cbr/\u003eHe also underlines that the problem with the Italian premier is his conflict of interests being a media tycoon and a political power which influences information - an anomaly peculiar only to Italy.\u003cbr/\u003eBut despite the risk of intimidation, critical voices continue to fill the airwaves, as well as the pages of newspapers.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid 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