{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='+4:3 Monarch butterflies threatened in nature reserve' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd6dd8eafeecae13412e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd6dd8eafeecae13412e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\n+4:3 Monarch butterflies threatened in nature reserve\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eMichoacan state - 5 November 20101. Wide of woodland area2. Wide of trees in woodland area3. Wide of man in forest preserve watering oyamel fir seedlings 4. Close of oyamel fir seedlings 5. Mid of man cleaning oyamel fir seedlings 6. Mid...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eMichoacan state - 5 November 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of woodland area\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of trees in woodland area\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of man in forest preserve watering oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of man cleaning oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of men cleaning oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Fernando Solis Martinez, Head of the 'communal property commission' in San Juan Xoconusco, a village\u003cbr/\u003ewithin the Monarch butterfly reserve: \u003cbr/\u003e\"We reforest and maintain the forest. This cooperative produces plants and we sell them to communities, and we work with some departments and organisations, so we provide maintenance to the forest and give jobs to people.\" \u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid of patch of oyamel fir seedlings being watered \u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide of man watering patch of oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid of man cleaning oyamel fir seedlings \u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Gabriel Colin Camacho, Head of communal lands in the village of Crescencio Morales: \u003cbr/\u003e\"Before, people saw the forest as a business. The last administration started to change things in the interest of restoring our forest. Today we need to restore it completely and step by step people have begun to understand this.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide of community in woodland area\u003cbr/\u003e13. Pan right of boy with donkey  \u003cbr/\u003eMexico City - 26 November, 2010 \u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Omar Vidal, General Director, World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Mexico: \u003cbr/\u003e\"The REDD programme (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) must be considered as a much stronger mechanism that has to do with social justice, environmental services, and conservation of biodiversity.\"   \u003cbr/\u003e++4:3 (pillarboxed)++\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Michoacan state - 2007 (exact date unknown)\u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of trees and butterflies flying around in forest \u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of butterflies flying in forest \u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid of branch with large number of butterflies on it\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid of branches with large number of butterflies on them\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of butterfly on leaves    \u003cbr/\u003eA small patch of mountain fir forest in the Mexican state of Michoacan has become a model of sorts for the global effort to save trees and fight climate change, but the the problem is that saving trees has not saved the forest's most famous visitors: the Monarch butterflies.  \u003cbr/\u003e(M) Millions of Monarch butterflies migrate here from the United States and Canada every year, but their numbers declined by 75 percent last year alone, apparently because of changing weather and vegetation patterns.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Monarch butterfly reserve shows how complex the battle against climate change has become, as the world prepares for a United Nations climate conference in Cancun next week. \u003cbr/\u003eThe conference is expected to focus in part on how best to preserve forests, with questions about who should pay and and how to treat communities who already live in the jungles and forests of developing countries.\u003cbr/\u003eForest preservation is the goal of a popular UN-sponsored programme known as REDD, or Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and\u003cbr/\u003eDegradation, which garnered more mentions than any other programme approved at the last international climate meeting in Copenhagen.\u003cbr/\u003eThe hope is for developed nations to pay poorer ones 22 to 38 (b) billion US dollars per year to help them preserve forests.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The REDD programme must be considered as a much stronger mechanism that has to do with social justice, environmental services, and conservation of biodiversity,\" Omar Vidal, General Director of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) in Mexico told the Associated Press. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Monarch butterfly reserve is an example both of how the programme could work, and of its limitations.\u003cbr/\u003eThe reserve in the mountains west of Mexico City benefits from international help, such as payments to communities to preserve trees and alternative income projects. \u003cbr/\u003eThe deforestation rate there is down by about 95 percent.\u003cbr/\u003eFernando Solis Martinez, 54, is the head of a \"communal property commission\" that takes care of jointly-owned land inherited from Indian ancestors in San Juan Xoconusco, a village within the 13,550 hectare (33,482 acre) reserve. \u003cbr/\u003eHe oversees the watering and replanting of oyamel fir seedlings at the village's tree nursery. \u003cbr/\u003eThe 120-thousand seedlings will be distributed throughout the reserve come June, when the rains return, to replace areas cut or washed away in severe storms.\u003cbr/\u003e\"This cooperative produces plants and we sell them to communities, and we work with some departments and organisations, so we provide maintenance to the forest and give jobs to people,\" said Solis Martinez.\u003cbr/\u003eSet up three years ago with help from the World Wildlife Fund, the nursery is part of a mix of projects - direct payments from the government and contributions from private companies; a scheme for collecting sap and selling it to turpentine manufacturers; sales of woven pine-needle artisan goods, and hopes for a tourist operation - that could provide income streams for future generations.\u003cbr/\u003eIt is not paradise; most residents of Xoconusco still have to work for about 120 pesos (10 US dollars) per day) at flower hothouses down in\u003cbr/\u003ethe valley, and illicit loggers are a constant threat. \u003cbr/\u003eMost communities send patrols of ten men into the mountains every day to listen for the distant sounds of chain saws. \u003cbr/\u003eBut despite the challenges, the programme appears to be working.\u003cbr/\u003eGabriel Colin Camacho, 37, the new head of communal lands in the village of Crescencio Morales, has started to turn around that community's reputation as one of the worst areas for deforestation in the reserve. \u003cbr/\u003eNow he says most of his neighbours realise that a steady stream of government payments would end if the forest disappears.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Before, people saw the forest as a business. The last administration started to change things in the interest of restoring our forest. Today we need to restore it completely and step by step people have begun to understand it,\" he said. \u003cbr/\u003eDeforestation and soil degradation causes between 17 and 20 percent of greenhouse gases worldwide, a greater proportion than transport. \u003cbr/\u003eBut the idea of saving forests to trap greenhouse gases has come a long way since the days when simply planting a stretch of eucalyptus trees on a clear-cut plain would qualify as \"offsets,\" the practice of balancing greenhouse-gas emissions in one place by \"trapping\" carbon in trees.\u003cbr/\u003eThe world is still losing 12.8 (m) million acres (5.2 (m) million hectares) of forest per year, despite reforestation efforts that reduced the annual rate of loss from 20.3 (m) million acres (8.3 (m) million hectares) in the 1990s. \u003cbr/\u003eSo far, an alliance of about a dozen developed nations is providing about 4.6 (b) billion in funding for projects in about 60 developing nations.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile the Monarch Butterfly Reserve is a success story, trees alone won't keep it going.\u003cbr/\u003eIf the butterflies disappear - and by all accounts they are doing badly - interest in the forest could quickly evaporate. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile experts aren't really sure what has been battering the butterflies, changing weather patterns are clearly taking a toll.\u003cbr/\u003eLast year, clusters of butterflies covered a total area equal to only about 1.9 hectares (4.7 acres), compared to about 8 hectares (almost 20 acres) in the 2008-2009 winter season.\u003cbr/\u003eExperts say it is still too soon to estimate figures on this year's migration.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead 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