{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Banned Somali charcoal linked to militants still finding ways into Gulf' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd36d8eafeecae132777' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bd36d8eafeecae132777' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nBanned Somali charcoal linked to militants still finding ways into Gulf\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eShipments of Somali charcoal that benefit Islamic militants are still making their way to Middle Eastern markets, despite being banned nearly two years ago by the United Nations (UN) Security Council.The trade is frustrating...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eShipments of Somali charcoal that benefit Islamic militants are still making their way to Middle Eastern markets, despite being banned nearly two years ago by the United Nations (UN) Security Council.\u003cbr/\u003eThe trade is frustrating international efforts to cut off a major moneymaker for al-Shabab, the group that took credit for the deadly attack on a Kenyan mall in September.\u003cbr/\u003eThe UN Security Council banned the trade in Somali charcoal in February 2012, saying it was \"a significant revenue source\" for the al-Qaida-linked group.\u003cbr/\u003eBut in recent weeks, UN inspectors have sent letters to the governments of Oman and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) raising concerns about continued shipments of suspected Somali charcoal into their countries.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to a letter obtained by The Associated Press, UN inspectors notified Omani authorities on 20 November that at least four ships last seen loading (m) millions of dollars worth of charcoal in the al Shabab-controlled port of Barawe in southern Somalia, had been observed moored or docked in the Omani port of Khasab.\u003cbr/\u003eMuch of the charcoal is destined for lucrative markets on the Arabian Peninsula, whose ports have for centuries been linked by sea trade routes to the East African coast. \u003cbr/\u003eMatt Bryden, a former UN monitor who is now director of Sahan Research, a Nairobi-based think tank focused on the Horn of Africa, said the Gulf states need to do more.\u003cbr/\u003e\"If there is a market in the Gulf, then charcoal will find a way out of Somalia,\" he said. \u003cbr/\u003e\"There needs to be much more emphasis on what the United Arab Emirates, what Saudi Arabia are doing to prevent charcoal imports from Somalia,\" he added. \"Unless the markets dry up then export of charcoal from Somalia is going to remain a source of supply for al-Shabab,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eCharcoal dealers and UN monitors say the heightened vigilance at Emirati ports is increasingly pushing the sea trade to neighbouring Oman. \u003cbr/\u003eBaba Mansoor Ghayedi, a UAE-based trader who goes by the name Haji Baba and is known as the \"King of Charcoal,\" confirmed that despite UAE authorities' efforts, Somali charcoal was still entering the market via Oman, where he said enforcement by local authorities is more relaxed.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now they take the Somali charcoal to Oman. Inside the Emirates not a single bag can be imported (via ship) because the UAE government is very strong and well informed,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eA key Omani destination is the port of Khasab, located in a small exclave of the sultanate at a rocky tip fronting the Strait of Hormuz at the mouth of the Gulf.\u003cbr/\u003eTucked at the foot of a towering mountain range that screens it off from the rest of the peninsula, it has long been a notorious smugglers' nest. \u003cbr/\u003eThe trade in suspected Somali charcoal was clear in Khasab late last month.\u003cbr/\u003eA merchant ship named El Castaro was seen unloading thousands of sacks of charcoal onto trucks.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce loaded with the El Castaro's cargo, the trucks then laboriously climbed the twisting coastal road that leads to the northern tip of the UAE.\u003cbr/\u003eBack in the Emirates, charcoal touted as Somali continues to openly be sold.\u003cbr/\u003eAs recently as late October, one trader based in the emirate of Sharjah posted on a popular online classified website advertising Somali charcoal for three dirhams (about 82 US cents) per kilogram.\u003cbr/\u003eContacted over the phone, the trader spoke of an unlimited amount of Somali charcoal available but when confronted in person at his warehouse in a dusty industrial district, he denied selling the commodity. \u003cbr/\u003eAn employee who spoke anonymously in fear of retaliation confirmed to the Associated Press that most of the company's charcoal does come from Somalia.\u003cbr/\u003eA July report by the UN monitoring group estimated that total exports have risen to 24 (m) million sacks a year valued at 360 to 384 (m) million US dollars, with al-Shabab and others in the supply chain sharing the benefits.\u003cbr/\u003eThe monitors estimated that between 600 thousand and 1 (m) million sacks of charcoal are loaded at Barawe port, generating 1.2 to 2 (m) million US dollars a month for al-Shabab.\u003cbr/\u003eAl-Shabab, which seeks political control of Somalia, claimed responsibility for the attack on the Westgate Mall in Nairobi that left at least 67 dead. \u003cbr/\u003eIt said the attack was in retaliation to Kenya sending troops into Somalia following a series of cross-border attacks.\u003cbr/\u003eSharjah, UAE - 25 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of workers heaving a bag of charcoal inside warehouse\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close of bag of charcoal\u003cbr/\u003e3. Mid of workers stacking bags of charcoal\u003cbr/\u003eNairobi, Kenya - 29 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (English) Matt Bryden, Director of the Sahan Research think tank:  \u003cbr/\u003e\"There is very little clarity as to precisely what the charcoal trade is worth to al-Shabab. Until 2011 it was estimated at approximately 25 (m) million (US) dollars a year but since Kenyan troops took control of the port of Kismayo, at the end of 2012, the volume of charcoal exports has increased exponentially but only part of that is going to al-Shabab. It's estimated that a total of 360 and 380 million (m) (US) dollars a year is generated in charcoal exports from Somalia. At least half of that is believed to go to al-Shabab through the port of Barawe which remains under its control.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSharjah, UAE - 25 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close of charcoal bags\u003cbr/\u003eKhasab, Oman - 26 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e6. Various wides of the ship \"El Castaro\" unloading in port\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid of truck carrying Somali charcoal towards the border of Oman and the United Arab Emirates \u003cbr/\u003eDubai, UAE - 28 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (Farsi) Baba Mansoor Ghayedi, charcoal trader and known as \"Haji Baba the King of Charcoal\":\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now they take the Somali charcoal to Oman. Inside the Emirates not a single bag can be imported (via ship) because the UAE government is very strong and well informed. Nobody can get a single bag in.\" \u003cbr/\u003eDubai, UAE - 5 December 2013\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close of charcoal bag\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of workers in charcoal storehouse\u003cbr/\u003e11. Close of worker emptying bag of charcoal to be sorted\u003cbr/\u003e12. Low angle of workers shovelling charcoal\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of charcoal being shovelled\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide of workers in charcoal storehouse, repackaged bags of charcoal in foreground\u003cbr/\u003eNairobi, Kenya - 29 November 2013\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English) Matt Bryden, Director of the Sahan Research think tank:  \u003cbr/\u003e\"If there's a market in the Gulf then charcoal will find a way out of Somalia into those markets and there needs to be much more emphasis on what the United Arab Emirates, what Saudi Arabia are doing to prevent charcoal imports from Somalia. Unless the markets dry up then export of charcoal from Somalia is going to remain a source of supply for al-Shabab.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDubai, UAE - 5 December 2013\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of charcoal inside storehouse\u003cbr/\u003e17. 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