{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Glowing bacteria used to catch superbugs' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bce4d8eafeecae130029' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bce4d8eafeecae130029' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nGlowing bacteria used to catch superbugs\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAt the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory (BSL) in Auckland, glow-in-the-dark bacteria are being used in the search for new and more efficient treatments for antibiotic resistant diseases.These bugs are doing more than just spelling out...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAt the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory (BSL) in Auckland, glow-in-the-dark bacteria are being used in the search for new and more efficient treatments for antibiotic resistant diseases.\u003cbr/\u003eThese bugs are doing more than just spelling out the names of some antibiotic resistant diseases. \u003cbr/\u003eThey are part of an experiment to find new ways of testing superbugs. \u003cbr/\u003eThese glowing petri dishes are bacteria from the sea called Photobacterium.  \u003cbr/\u003eIt's part of a demonstration experiment in the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory at the University of Auckland.\u003cbr/\u003eThe glowing superbugs are created by adding glowing genes from creatures, such as fireflies that glow naturally into bacteria. \u003cbr/\u003eThe demonstration experiment is being conducted to show how bioluminescence can be used to discover new treatments for bacterial diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) and anti-biotic resistant bacteria such as MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus).\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory Dr Siouxsie Wiles, anti-biotic resistant superbugs are becoming increasingly problematic.  \u003cbr/\u003eShe says we are running out of drugs to treat the superbugs and even strains of certain diseases such as TB are developing antibiotic resistance.\u003cbr/\u003eThe World Health Organisation warned last year that antibiotic resistance is now a \"global threat\". \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Wiles, TB takes a long time to grow on petri dishes, between four and six weeks, so using light is a much quicker way of speeding up drug research. \u003cbr/\u003eWiles says in the laboratory they are hard at work using bioluminescence to help find new treatments for bacterial diseases such as TB.\u003cbr/\u003e\"So we are really interested in how bacteria cause disease and how we can stop them and our trick is that we make bacteria glow in the dark. So we take genes from creatures that naturally glow like bacteria that live in the sea or fireflies and we put those genes inside very nasty superbugs and we make them glow in the dark. The reason this is really useful is that we can use light instead of plating the bacteria out into petri dishes to tell us how many there are, we just measure light. So we get an answer really, really fast,\" she says. \u003cbr/\u003eWiles says bioluminescence is useful in multiple ways: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a chemical reaction and it requires the cells to be alive. So it means if the cells aren't alive anymore then they stop glowing. So we can get a quick answer on whether the bacteria are dead or alive just again looking for light. We are looking for new antibiotics and if we find something that looks interesting and we can add it to our bacteria and then say, 'ah yes, that looks like something that will kill them' rather than waiting for weeks for the bacteria to grow on petri dishes to see whether they were alive or dead.\" \u003cbr/\u003eAs part of a real time experiment, the bacteria is treated with drug compounds of differing strengths and the effects of the application of drugs triggers a glowing or dim response. The scientists measure how the bacteria glow is affected.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the demonstration experiment, the dishes of glowing bacteria are treated with a substitute drug compound in the form of ethanol alcohol which instantly kills the bacteria and the bioluminescent light goes out.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce a drug has been found to be useful in a petri dish, or a flask of liquid broth culture, the next step is to see how it affects bacteria when they are causing disease within a living organism.\u003cbr/\u003eThe team use a range of hosts for testing how bacteria affect living creatures, including zebra fish embryos, caterpillars and larvae of the wax moth.\u003cbr/\u003eWiles and research technician Benedict Uy are working on a zebra fish model.\u003cbr/\u003eThe fish embryos under the microscope are six days old.  They are placed in a solution then become infected with bioluminescent bacterial disease through their gills. They are then placed on testing plates and treated with various drug compounds to see how efficient the drugs are at killing the bacteria. \u003cbr/\u003eThe results of the drug testing are read through a light reading machine called a luminometer.\u003cbr/\u003eWiles and her team favour using the zebra fish and the wax moth larvae as they are good hosts to test drugs on and also reduce the need to use animals such as mice for testing. \u003cbr/\u003e\"So we would start with bacteria that were growing on liquid broth and we can plate them out into things we call 96 well plates. And we can take very small amounts of bacteria that are growing and very small amounts of our potential drugs, add them together and then we measure light and if bacteria are dying then the lights go down.\"\u003cbr/\u003ePost-doctoral research fellow James Dalton is preparing a demonstration experiment to show how the drug efficiency can be tested using light.\u003cbr/\u003eHe uses a pipette to fill a 96 well plate with sample bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eDalton then uses a multi-channel pipette to add a compound in various strengths, which will affect the bacteria to varying degrees.\u003cbr/\u003eIn this case, Dalton is using differing strengths of disinfectant solutions which will affect the bacteria in different ways.\u003cbr/\u003eThe demonstration experiment replicates how potential drug treatments can be tested for efficacy using light.\u003cbr/\u003eDalton and Wiles read the results of demonstration experiment on the luminometer.\u003cbr/\u003eWiles explains their findings: \"So this is our top concentration, our highest concentration and then this is the bacteria that have got no drugs in them. So on this scale blue means essentially dead and orange means alive.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe testing takes a matter of minutes, rather than the weeks it would take if the bacteria is grown in petri dishes.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Maurice Wilkins Centre is an internationally recognised biomedical research centre at the University of Auckland.\u003cbr/\u003eThe director of the centre, Professor Rod Dunbar says the search for new superbug treatments is vital.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The work that Siouxsie and her team are doing is really crucial in the fight against bacterial disease particularly because the techniques she is developing using bioluminescence really accelerate a lot of the progress toward lots of new drugs. In particular we can now look at bacteria both in the lab and in the body in new ways. And this accelerated way of looking at the bacteria really helps us test whether some of the new treatments being developed are really effective.\" \u003cbr/\u003eThe Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory team are also working collaboratively with other teams within the University of Auckland.\u003cbr/\u003eDistinguished Professor William (Bill) Denny is Director of the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says the processes being developed by the BSL team are helping him develop treatments for diseases such as TB.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well we have a long term interest in the development of new drugs for tuberculosis and so we have an interest in methodologies for evaluating how these drugs are effective. And TB is in particular a very slow growing bacterium and any method we can use that can speed up the testing systems is of great value to us and we collaborate with them in that regard.\"\u003cbr/\u003eDenny says bioluminescence is a very helpful tool.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well it is very useful because you can use it across a variety of technologies. You can use it simply to look at how the bacteria themselves grow freely, you can look at how bacteria can infect an animal and you can measure the luminescence through the skin of the animal. And you can just capture that in real time and watch the growth of the bacterium over time.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSiouxsie Wiles says new research is needed in the fight against TB because many of the medicines are old, and the period for treatment is long - anywhere from six to 24 months.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says she hopes her work and that of her colleagues at the University of Auckland will contribute to the development of new drugs to treat antibiotic resistant bacterial diseases.\u003cbr/\u003eWiles says the University of Auckland's Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory is one of several places around the world working on finding such treatments.\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eAuckland - 9 December 2014\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid of demonstration experiment showing petri dishes of bacteria with names of bacterial diseases such as 'TB' (tuberculosis) and 'MRSA' (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) glowing in dark \u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of demonstration experiment showing petri dishes of bacteria saying 'MRSA' glowing in dark \u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of demonstration experiment showing flask of glowing liquid broth and agar petri dishes of bacteria glowing in dark \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close up of demonstration experiment showing flask of glowing broth culture\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of demonstration experiment showing petri dishes of bacteria glowing in dark\u003cbr/\u003e6. Hands moving petri dishes around \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Siouxsie Wiles, Head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory at University of Auckland: \u003cbr/\u003e\"So we are really interested in how bacteria cause disease and how we can stop them and our trick I guess is that we make bacteria glow in the dark. So we take genes from creatures that naturally glow like bacteria that live in the sea or fireflies and we put those genes inside very nasty superbugs and we make them glow in the dark. The reason this is really useful is that we can use light instead of plating the bacteria out into petri dishes to tell us how many there are, we just measure light. So we get an answer really, really fast.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of petri dishes stacked up in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Siouxsie Wiles, Head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory at University of Auckland: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a chemical reaction and it requires the cells to be alive. So it means if the cells aren't alive anymore then they stop glowing. So we can get a quick answer on whether the bacteria are dead or alive just again looking for light. We are looking for new antibiotics and if we find something that looks interesting and we can add it to our bacteria and then say very quickly, 'ah yes, that looks like something that will kill them.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of demonstration experiment showing flask of glowing broth and petri dishes of bacteria glowing in dark\u003cbr/\u003e11. Petri dish reading 'TB' being treated with ethanol and bacteria no longer glowing\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up dish reading 'E.coli' (Escherichia coli) being treated and lights going out, pull out to mid of dishes\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of dish reading 'MRSA'\u003cbr/\u003e14. Flask of broth and petri dishes on bench in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close up of dishes\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr Siouxsie Wiles, Head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory at University of Auckland: \u003cbr/\u003e\"So we would start with bacteria that were growing in liquid broth and we can plate them out into things we call 96 well plates. And we can take very small amounts of bacteria that are glowing and very small amounts of our potential drugs, add them together and then we measure light and if bacteria are dying then the lights go down.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Post-doctoral research fellow James Dalton preparing demonstration experiment to show how luminometer works\u003cbr/\u003e18. Various of Dalton filling 96 well plate with pipette in demonstration experiment\u003cbr/\u003e19. Various of Dalton using multi-channel pipette to add compound in various strengths in demonstration experiment\u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of Dalton and Wiles reading results of demonstration experiment on luminometer\u003cbr/\u003e21. Dr Siouxsie Wiles, Head of the Bioluminescent Superbugs Laboratory at University of Auckland demonstrating scale on computer, UPSOUND: (english) \"So this is our top concentration, our highest concentration and then this is the bacteria that have got no drugs in them. So on this scale blue means essentially dead and orange means alive.\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Screen showing results from luminometer demonstration experiment\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wiles and research assistant looking at zebra fish embryos under microscope projected on screen\u003cbr/\u003e24. Various of zebra fish embryos on screen\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various of zebra fish embryos in dishes under microscope\u003cbr/\u003e26. Various external of Maurice Wilkins Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland\u003cbr/\u003e27. Set up of Professor Rod Dunbar, Director of the Maurice Wilkins Centre at the University of Auckland, in laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e28. Cutaway of glass bottles on lab shelf\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE: (English) Professor Rod Dunbar, Director of the Maurice Wilkins Centre at the University of Auckland:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The work that Siouxsie (Wiles) and her team are doing is really crucial in the fight against bacterial disease particularly because the techniques she is developing using bioluminescence really accelerate a lot of the progress toward new drugs. In particular we can now look at bacteria both in the lab and in the body in new ways. And this accelerated way of looking at the bacteria really helps us test whether some of the new treatments being developed are really effective.\" \u003cbr/\u003e30. Various exteriors of Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland\u003cbr/\u003e31. Set up of Distinguished Professor William (Bill) Denny, Director of the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre at desk\u003cbr/\u003e32. Cutaway of computer screen \u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE: (English) Distinguished Professor William (Bill) Denny, Director of the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well we have a long term interest in the development of new drugs for tuberculosis and so we have an interest in methodologies for evaluating how these drugs are effective. And TB in particular a very slow growing bacterium and any method we can use that can speed up the testing systems is of great value to us and we collaborate with them in that regard.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Cutaway of hands\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English) Distinguished Professor William (Bill) Denny, Director of the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well it is very useful because you can use it across a variety of technologies. You can use it simply to look at how the bacteria themselves grow freely, you can look at how bacteria can infect an animal and you can measure the luminescence through the skin of the animal. And you can just capture that in real time and watch the growth of the bacterium over time.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. Close up of dish reading TB\u003cbr/\u003e35. Petri dishes with glowing bacteria reading TB, MRSA, E.coli and ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase)\u003cbr/\u003e36. 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