{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Preview of anniversary of Nazi attacks on synagogues, businesses' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcdcd8eafeecae12fc4b' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcdcd8eafeecae12fc4b' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nPreview of anniversary of Nazi attacks on synagogues, businesses\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eFILE: Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem - Unknown date1. Visitors in museum2. Close up of Kristallnacht sign3. Close up of flame in museum's hall of remembrance4. Wide of eternal flame in hallFrankfurt/Main - October 31, 20085. Mid...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eFILE: Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, Jerusalem - Unknown date\u003cbr/\u003e1. Visitors in museum\u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of Kristallnacht sign\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up of flame in museum's hall of remembrance\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide of eternal flame in hall\u003cbr/\u003eFrankfurt/Main - October 31, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of Gerhard Maschkowski, Holocaust survivor, passing by the camera\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English), Gerhard Maschkowski, (83) Holocaust survivor, San Diego, California (from Elbing, near Danzing):\u003cbr/\u003e\"A friend of my father, of my parents, called and said that they're breaking into their store, they lived up above the store, and the synagogue is burning. Naturally, we went down there because my father was blinded in the First World War fighting for this country.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Germany - 1938\u003cbr/\u003e7. People passing next to raging fire\u003cbr/\u003e8. Fire burning\u003cbr/\u003e9. Soldiers throwing books onto fire\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close up shot of painted sign reading (German) \"Beware Jews\"\u003cbr/\u003eFrankfurt/Main -  October 31, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English), Gerhard Maschkowski, (83) Holocaust survivor from Elbing, near Gdansk\u003cbr/\u003e\"All the men they put in prison and she (parents' friend) was completely out of her mind. They've robbed everything out of the store and the synagogue was burning.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Germany - 1938\u003cbr/\u003e12. Soldier outside store\u003cbr/\u003e13. Soldier painting Star of David on shop window\u003cbr/\u003e14. Shop window with the word \"Juden\" (Jews) and Star of David painted on it\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eFrankfurt/Main -  October 31, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English), Gerhard Maschkowski, (83) Holocaust survivor from Elbing, near Gdansk:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The next morning, I was not aware that I can't go to school. I went to school and they let me know that I was not invited any more.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin - November 3, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of hands holding a book\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE (German), Ernst Piper, historian:\u003cbr/\u003e\"After the November 9th 1938 many new restrictions were imposed which made Jewish existence in Germany almost impossible. They were not allowed to use the parks any more, or public transport, or libraries. In the most cases they could not continue doing their work and were excluded from the insurances. That was the immediate first step ahead of the imprisonment into concentration camps and deportations later on.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin - November 4, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide of rabbi Yitzhak Ehrenberg arriving to the synagogue in Berlin\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide of the service in the synagogue\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close of rabbi Ehrenberg praying\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide of the service in the synagogue\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (German) Yitzhak Ehrenberg, rabbi :\u003cbr/\u003e\"One asks how the situation is today. Many people hear that I'm in Germany, in Berlin and they ask: how is it with anti-Semitism? I tell them, in Germany it is much less than in Belgium, Switzerland or Austria. It does not mean that it is not there, though. (It is) now, after this terrible Shoah, (that) the politics of Germany are very clearly anti-Nazi\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide of exterior of the synagogue in Berlin with police vehicles parked outside\u003cbr/\u003e24. Close of synagogue entrance, police sign in the foreground\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin - November 3, 2008\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE (German), Ernst Piper, historian:\u003cbr/\u003e\"What I find very encouraging if one compares the situation today with the Weimar republic is the fact that there is widespread and all-including resistance of the civil society against the anti-Semitism which I find very important because a democracy needs active democrats.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin - August 31, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e26. Various shots of the re-opening of the Rykestrasse Synagogue in Berlin\u003cbr/\u003eAs the 70th anniversary of the so-called 'Kristallnacht' nears, Germany is once more reminded of the dark era in its history. \u003cbr/\u003eOn November 9th 1938, bands of Nazis roamed the streets of Germany, burning and destroying Jewish synagogues, homes and stores.\u003cbr/\u003eSome 90 Jews were murdered and 30,000 were deported to concentration camps shortly afterward where many later died.\u003cbr/\u003eThen a 13 year old boy in the northern city of Danzig, Gerhard Maschkowski remembers the day of pogrom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"A friend of my father called and said they're breaking into their store, they lived up above the store, and that the synagogue is burning. Naturally, we went down there because my father was blinded in the First World War fighting for this country. \u003cbr/\u003eThe next day Maschkowski went to school but was told to leave. He was later detained and deported to the Buna/Monowitz concentration camp in Auschwitz, where he was used as forced labour. \u003cbr/\u003eMaschkowski survived the war and emigrated to California where he lives today. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter the war, 1938 violence became known as the 'Kristallnacht' because of the vast amounts of broken glass it left on the streets of Germany.\u003cbr/\u003eIt marked the new level of Nazi oppression of the Jewish minority and it became a prelude to the Holocaust \u003cbr/\u003e\"After November 9th 1938 many new restrictions were imposed which made Jewish existence in Germany almost impossible. They were not allowed to use the parks any more, or public transport, or libraries. In the most cases they could not continue doing their work and were excluded from the insurances. That was the immediate first step ahead of the imprisonment into concentration camps and deportations later on,\" said German historian Ernst Piper. \u003cbr/\u003eIn accepting responsibility for the Shoah, in which 6 million Jews were killed, Germany has established scores of memorials and museums across the country.\u003cbr/\u003eEarlier this week, Germany's parliament pledged to fight anti-Semitism and to encourage the revival of Jewish life in a resolution  ahead of the 70th anniversary of the Kristalnacht pogrom.\u003cbr/\u003e\"One asks how the situation is today. Many people hear that I'm in Germany, in Berlin and they ask: how is it with anti-Semitism?\" says Rabbi Yitzhak Ehrenberg of the Orthodox Synagogue in Berlin. \u003cbr/\u003e\"I tell them, in Germany it is much less than in Belgium, Switzerland or Austria. It does not mean that it is not there, though. (It is) now, after this terrible Shoah, (that) the politics of Germany are very clearly anti-Nazi,\" he added.\u003cbr/\u003eSince the German government relaxed immigration laws for Jews following reunification in 1990, thousands have come here, mostly from the former Soviet Union. According to the World Jewish Congress, Germany now has the world's fastest-growing Jewish community, conservatively estimated at more than 100,000.\u003cbr/\u003e\"What I find very encouraging if one compares the situation today with the Weimar republic is the fact that there is widespread and al-including resistance of the civil society against the anti-Semitism which I find very important because a democracy needs active democrats\" explained historian Ernst Piper.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' 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