{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A brain scan that might be able to tell a criminal\u0026#39;s intentions' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bccdd8eafeecae12f5bf' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bccdd8eafeecae12f5bf' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA brain scan that might be able to tell a criminal\u0026#39;s intentions\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBerlin, Germany - Recent 1. Wide of street scene in Berlin2. Mid of street scene in BerlinVNR - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences - Non AP Television News material3. Professor John- Dylan Haynes preparing MRI...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBerlin, Germany - Recent \u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of street scene in Berlin\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of street scene in Berlin\u003cbr/\u003eVNR - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences - Non AP Television News material\u003cbr/\u003e3. Professor John- Dylan Haynes preparing MRI for a brain scan \u003cbr/\u003e4. Zoom out Professor Haynes preparing patient for a brain scan\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid of patient moving into MRI\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin, Germany - Recent \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor John-Dylan Haynes, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our research at the moment goes in two different directions, on one hand we try to optimise the technique and the idea is how many different thoughts we can read out of the brain activity at the moment we are limited between two and eight thoughts which on the one hand might be quite simple but in cases like lie detection, is the person lying or not, it is actually quite powerful. But of course we want to be able to read out many more aspects of a person's thoughts. So that is one line of research. The other line of research is that we are taking this into practical applications. So the practical applications we are doing research on at the moment, are on the one hand brain - computer interfaces, so interfaces that allow people, either normal healthy people to communicate with computer via their brain activity or even paralysed people that can now use their brain activity to control computers and communicate. \"\u003cbr/\u003eVNR - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences - Non AP Television News material\u003cbr/\u003e7.Various pictures of scanned brain on the computer\u003cbr/\u003eBerlin, Germany - Recent \u003cbr/\u003e8.  SOUNDBITE (English) Professor John-Dylan Haynes, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So the biggest challenge was that we didn't know where in the brain to look for these patterns. So we can't look at the whole brain at once because that would be too much information. We needed to know which part of the brain to look in to find these patterns that tell what your plans or intentions are. So we used a technique where you basically shine like a torch around the brain to visualise that you search through the brain for regions where you can tell what the person is intending to do. And we found such a region that was very powerful in telling what a person's plans are.\"\u003cbr/\u003e9. Various of Professor John-Dylan Haynes explaining brain activities\u003cbr/\u003e10. UPSOUND : (English) Professor John-Dylan Haynes, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The green regions are part of the brain from where you can tell what a person is going to do in the future.  And the red regions are the part of the brain where you can tell what they are currently doing right at the moment. What you can see this is were our plans our stored and apparently when our plans are taken  in execution then they copied to a different part of the brain  to be executed. This ia like a micro pattern of the brain activity in the small region.  This is the pattern of brain activity when the subject is planning to do and addition, and this is the pattern of brain activity  when they are planning to make a subtracting. These are the patterns they are talking about. \"\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English) Tanja Steinbach, Female participant in current studies:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well no I didn't really think about other things because you are just told to focus on the task and that is normally what you do. Sometimes I have to force myself to stay awake because its a little tiring but it is not like okay I can't think about that topic or anything it is just try to focus and that is it.\"\u003cbr/\u003eLondon - 01 March, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e12.Various of Professor Colin Blakemore, Chief Executive Medical research council\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Colin Blakemore, Chief Executive Medical research council:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The medical research council funds basic research where we believe it is likely to lead to a greater understanding to human health and the possibilities of treating diseases and disorders. You might think that this kind of brain scanning study is a long, long way from diseases and disorders but its not really. There are very serious conditions like schizophrenia autism, obsessive compulsive disorder in which people have difficulty in controlling their own intentions and actions and understanding them. So this sort of research can really gives us an understanding of those very difficult scientific issues.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVNR - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences - Non AP Television News material\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of brain scans on computer screen\u003cbr/\u003eLondon - 01 March, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Colin Blakemore, Chief Executive Medical research council:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The question of how thought works and how people plan their actions and intentions is an issue of great interest to neuroscientists at the moment. I think we are likely to see more and more studies of this type telling us more and more about how our minds work. I don't think we should be afraid of that. We have got used to the idea of being told about how our bodies work in general and the brain is just a part of the body. I think we should actually welcome this greater understanding of mentality and human nature. I can see that some people might be worried about the ethical issues of this. Can we look forward to a world which we will be scanned as we walk through the airport and they will know all about us and what we are thinking. not only do I think that is unlikely but it is important to point out that scientists have started to think about those issues already.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVNR - Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences - Non AP Television News material\u003cbr/\u003e16. Various of brain scans on computer screen\u003cbr/\u003eA brain scan could be able to read minds. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the past, scientists had been able to detect decisions about making physical movements before those movements took place.\u003cbr/\u003eBut researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences claim they have now, for the first time, identified people's intentions before they decide to act.\u003cbr/\u003eAt a laboratory in Germany, volunteers slide into a donut-shaped MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) machine and perform simple mental tasks, such as deciding whether to add or subtract two numbers, or choosing which of two buttons to press. \u003cbr/\u003eVolunteers have no inkling that scientists in the next room are trying to read their minds.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists are using a new a brain scan technique to figure out their subject's intentions before thye are turned into action.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor John-Dylan Haynes, who led the study at the Max Planck Institute, says their research tries to optimise the technique,  in order to determine how many different thoughts can be read.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Haynes now holds a professorship at the Bernstin centre in Berlin. \u003cbr/\u003eHaynes' research was begun in the Max Planck Institute in Leipzig, about 150 kilometers (90 miles) southwest of Berlin. \u003cbr/\u003eThe research, which began in July 2005, has been of limited scope.\u003cbr/\u003eOnly 21 people have been tested so far. \u003cbr/\u003eAnd the 71 percent accuracy rate is only about 20 percent more successful than random selection.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the recent study, participants were told to decide whether to add or subtract two numbers a few seconds before the numbers were flashed on a screen. \u003cbr/\u003eIn the interim, a computer captured images of their brain waves to detect the subject's decision with one pattern suggesting addition, and another subtraction. \u003cbr/\u003eHaynes' team began its research by trying to identify which part of the mind was storing intentions. \u003cbr/\u003eThey discovered it was found in the prefrontal cortex region by scanning the brain to look for bursts of activity when subjects were given choices. \u003cbr/\u003eThen they went about studying which type of patterns were associated with different intentions. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile still in its initial stages, the techniques may eventually have wide ranging implications for everything from criminal interrogations to airline security checks.\u003cbr/\u003eThat has alarmed some ethicists who fear the technology could one day be abused by authorities, market researchers, or employers.\u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Colin Blakemore, Chief Executive of the Medical Research Council, says some people may worry about the ethical issues, but the new scan may be able to tell scientists more about  how the human body works.\u003cbr/\u003eTanja Steinbach, a 21-year-old student who has participated in some of Professor Hayne' follow up experiments in Berlin, says it was difficult to keep focused and not fall asleep during the research. \u003cbr/\u003eResearchers have long used MRI machines to identify different types of brain activity, and scientists in the United States have recently developed brain scans designed for lie detection.\u003cbr/\u003eFor the moment, reading minds is a cumbersome process and there is no chance scientists could spy on decision-making surreptitiously. \u003cbr/\u003eHaynes' studies focus on people who choose between just two alternatives, not the infinite number present in everyday life.\u003cbr/\u003eThe research has already progressed from identifying the regions of the brain where certain thoughts occur to identifying the very content of those thoughts. \u003cbr/\u003eCivil libertarians are concerned that mind-reading technology may fit into a trend of pre-emptive security measures in which authorities could take action against individuals before they commit a 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