{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Kashmir\u0026#39;s glaciers melt in rising temperatures' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcb4d8eafeecae12ea71' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bcb4d8eafeecae12ea71' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nKashmir\u0026#39;s glaciers melt in rising temperatures\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eSonmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 20091. Wide of Thajiwas glacier; water trickling down the mountains in the foreground2. Various of melting snow descending from the mountains3. Water streaming down through the mountain crevasses...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eSonmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of Thajiwas glacier; water trickling down the mountains in the foreground\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of melting snow descending from the mountains\u003cbr/\u003e3. Water streaming down through the mountain crevasses as snow melts\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mass of snow\u003cbr/\u003e5. Various of water dripping down from mass of snow\u003cbr/\u003eSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide of Arjimand Hussain Talib of ActionAid International, reading report\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close of ActionAid report on impact of climate change in Kashmir \u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English) Arjimand Hussain Talib, ActionAid International:\u003cbr/\u003e\"As soon as snow falls in the plains, it melts within a very short span of time because the average temperatures are not supporting enough to hold the snows on the ground. Then, in the mountains we are seeing that the average temperatures are also not so low so as to support the formation of glaciers in a way that used to happen in the past. We have seen in the mountain ranges in the Himalayas, in the Zanskar and in the Pir Panjal mountain ranges, that glaciers have melted in very significant ways. And that's a serious issue of concern because it is impacting water availability in the rivers and the streams of Kashmir during summers and during autumn.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSonmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009\u003cbr/\u003e9. Various of shepherd Abdul Rasheed with his flock of sheep\u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid of sheep grazing\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (Kashmiri) Abdul Rasheed, Shepherd:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Life was comfortable enough in the last 30 years, but now it has become tough. We do not have enough snowfall now and these mountains are burning. The snowfall or rainfall is erratic and out of season leading to deficient pastures. Falling levels of fresh fodder lead to disease in the cattle. Had there been sufficient snowfall, our sheep would have been healthy.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009\u003cbr/\u003e12. Set up shot Shakil Ahmad Ramsoo working on computer\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up computer screen showing graphic illustration of change in glacier \u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (English) Shakil Ahmad Ramsoo, Associate Professor and convener of the working group on climate change research, University of Kashmir:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Kolahoi glacier is very important for us because it feeds two important streams - one is the Lidder and other is the Sindh we call it. And they feed the entire drinking water supplies, agriculture, lakes and all the water supply comes from these two main tributaries. So it has changed for the last 40 years it has changed at 18 per cent. So we have exactly quantified how these glaciers are responding to climate change.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKunzer, Budgam,  India, Recent 2009\u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of dry Ferozepura stream \u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of bridge over dry stream\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of dry expanse of land; bridge over dried up stream\u003cbr/\u003e18. Trickle of water flowing in the stream \u003cbr/\u003e19. SOUNDBITE(Kashmiri) Abdul Razzak Ganie, Local resident of Kunzer, near Ferozpura stream:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When I was young, this stream used to be full of water. It would properly irrigate all fields and the paddy production used to be good. Now things have changed - the water level has gone down and paddy production has also suffered.The agriculture yields are much lower than before and our orchards are dry.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Various of farm workers thrashing paddy\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide of farmer Fayaz Ahmad working in his field\u003cbr/\u003e22. Various of Fayaz Ahmad checking his paddy crop\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE (Kashmiri) Fayaz Ahmad, Farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The rainfall has become quite erratic. In the old days we would predict the rainfall but now it rains at a time when it is not good for the crop. Now we can't even predict the volume of a crop and the weather is playing the biggest spoilsport.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Various of apple trees in paddy fields  \u003cbr/\u003e25. Camera defocus shot of paddy field\u003cbr/\u003eSrinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (English) Arjimand Hussain Talib, Action Aid International:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We are also seeing a major shift in the agriculture sector. People are shifting from irrigation based farming to rain-fed farming because there is deficient water available in the streams for irrigation. So this is going to have an impact, aggravate rather, the issue of food insecurity in Kashmir - that we are going to become increasingly dependent on imports for our food needs.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSonmarg, Jammu and Kashmir, India, Recent 2009 \u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide of glaciers and mountains\u003cbr/\u003e28. Water flowing through mountain crevasses as snow melts\u003cbr/\u003e29. Water dripping from melting mass of snow\u003cbr/\u003e30. Defocus from glacial crevasse to close of water dipping  \u003cbr/\u003eIndian Kashmir's glaciers are melting fast because of rising temperatures, threatening the water supply of millions of people in the Himalayan region.\u003cbr/\u003eThat's according to a new study by Indian scientists which backs up findings by the  International charity group ActionAid.\u003cbr/\u003eThe snows are melting here, sending water trickling down the mountainside.\u003cbr/\u003eThe disputed Himalayan region of Kashmir , known as 'paradise on earth' for its scenic beauty , has been ravaged by a violent insurgency for the last two decades.\u003cbr/\u003eNearly a dozen insurgent groups have been fighting for Kashmir's independence from India, or its merger with neighbouring Pakistan, since 1989 .\u003cbr/\u003eOne of the most militarised zones in the world , Indian Kashmir is now faced with yet another threat - climate change.  \u003cbr/\u003eExperts say the glaciers here are melting due to global warming and can affect water supplies and livelihood for millions of people.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Sonmarg, most of the glaciers like Thajiwas and Kolahoi, have receded during the last 40 years.\u003cbr/\u003eThe international charity ActionAid, in its 28-page report \"On the brink?\", lays out how climate change has impacted on the Himalayan region. \u003cbr/\u003eTheir report warns that the glaciers in most areas of Kashmir have shrunk, and that climate change is affecting rain and snowfall patterns, which have lowered food production.\u003cbr/\u003eThe report also states that while many areas have seen a complete disappearance of small glaciers,in other areas the height of the small glaciers has reduced to over one-fourth of the original height.\u003cbr/\u003eEven the large glaciers have considerably reduced, concludes the report.\u003cbr/\u003e\"As soon as snow falls in the plains , it melts within a very short span of time because the average temperatures are not supporting enough to hold the snows on the ground. Then, in the mountains we are seeing that the average temperatures are also not so low so as to support the formation of glaciers in a way that used to happen in the past. We have seen in the mountain ranges in the Himalayas , in the Zanskar and in the Pir Panjal mountain ranges that glaciers have melted in very significant ways ,\" says Arjimand Hussain Talib of ActionAid International.\u003cbr/\u003eThe people of Kashmir can see this change unfolding around them.\u003cbr/\u003eThe region is inhabited by ethnic minorities and tribes who depend on natural resources for their livelihoods. \u003cbr/\u003eShepherd Abdul Rasheed has been tending sheep in Sonmarg for nearly three decades.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says unpredictable weather and deficient rainfall is making it difficult for him to look after his livestock.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Life was comfortable enough in last 30 years...but now it has become tough. We do not have enough snowfall now and these mountains are burning. The snowfall or rainfall is erratic and out of season leading to deficient pastures. Falling levels of fresh fodder lead to disease in the cattle....had there been sufficient snowfall, our sheep would have been  healthy.\"\u003cbr/\u003eA new study by Kashmir University's Geology and Geophysics department says that climate change has endangered the livelihoods of two-thirds of the region's nearly 10 million people engaged in agriculture, horticulture, livestock rearing and forestry.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Kolahoi glacier, the biggest in the Indian portion of divided Kashmir, has shrunk to about 4.44 square miles (11.5 square kilometers) from about five square miles (13 square kilometers) in the past 40 years, the study found.\u003cbr/\u003eShakil Ahmad Romsoo, an associate professor in the department who led the three-year study, says that Kolahoi has shrunk by 18 percent, and over the same period, other glaciers in the region have shrunk by 16 percent.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Kolahoi feeds Kashmir's lifeline - theJhelum River, and its many streams, which are also vital for agriculture in Pakistan's most populous province of Punjab.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Kolahoi glacier is very important for us because it feeds two important streams - one is Lidder and other is the Sindh we call it...and they feed the entire drinking water supply , agriculture , lakes and ...all the water supply comes from these two main tributaries . So it has changed ...for the last 40 years it has changes 18 per cent.So we have exactly quantified how these glaciers are responding to climate change,\" says Romsoo.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce a water-abundant region , Kashmir is gradually turning into a water-deficit zone.\u003cbr/\u003eHundreds of water streams and springs in the valley have dried up , leading to water shortages .\u003cbr/\u003eLocals say the groundwater levels have also gone down .\u003cbr/\u003eAbdul Razzak Ganie, a resident of Kunzer village near the once-overflowing Ferozpura stream , says crop production is suffering because of lack of water for irrigation.\u003cbr/\u003e\"When I was young, this stream used to be full of water. It would properly irrigate all fields and the paddy production used to be good. Now things have changed - water level has gone down and paddy production has also suffered.The agriculture yields are much lower than before and our orchards are dry ,\" Ganie said.\u003cbr/\u003ePaddy farmers like Fayaz Ahmad are struggling to make sense of the changing weather patterns.\u003cbr/\u003eUnable to cope with deficient water supply for irrigation , Ahmad is planning to convert his paddy fields into apple orchards.\u003cbr/\u003eThe change in farming patterns will have serious implications for food production in Kashmir.\u003cbr/\u003eThe ActionAid report found that vegetable production is sliding, the oilseed crop is down by 70 percent and once-rich paddy fields could see a 60% drop in rice cultivated by 2010.\u003cbr/\u003eAs more and more paddy land is changed into orchards, Kashmir's current 40 per cent food grain deficit is likely to touch over 60 percent in the coming decade , the report says.\u003cbr/\u003e \"We are also seeing a major shift in the agriculture sector. People are shifting from irrigation based farming to rainfed farming because there is deficient water available in the streams for irrigation.So this is going to have an impact , aggravate rather , the issue of food insecurity in Kashmir - that we are going to become increasingly dependent on imports for our food needs,\" explains Arjimand Hussain Talib of ActionAid International.\u003cbr/\u003eExperts say there is a need for tougher laws for checking emissions from vehicles , industrial units and from government and military establishments in Kashmir.\u003cbr/\u003eThe ActionAid report recommends a shift of focus from infrastructure-intensive tourism to eco-tourism , establishing a food security monitoring mechanism and providing support to local livelihoods.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' 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