{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='A look at environmental damage caused by 50 yrs of oil production' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bca8d8eafeecae12e528' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bca8d8eafeecae12e528' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nA look at environmental damage caused by 50 yrs of oil production\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Tilt up of beach with residue of oil in sand near fishing village of Iwuo-Okpom2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Okon Sunday, village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\"Like this, every time, every month, you see spill of the larger quantities coming up.\"3....\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Tilt up of beach with residue of oil in sand near fishing village of Iwuo-Okpom\u003cbr/\u003e2. SOUNDBITE: (English) Okon Sunday, village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Like this, every time, every month, you see spill of the larger quantities coming up.\"\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up of Sunday tracing finger in sand to show oil residue beneath surface, UPSOUND: (English) Okon Sunday, the village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"That is crude that has been buried, so all this, you see.\"\u003cbr/\u003e4. Various of dead fish in sand\u003cbr/\u003e5. Dead fish in water\u003cbr/\u003e6. Tade Amuwa, a fish smoker, tending fire \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Tade Amuwa, a fish smoker:\u003cbr/\u003e\"All this fish is nice, yeah, it don't rot (unintelligible) see this one now, notice they different.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Man fixing fishing net\u003cbr/\u003e9. Mid of children\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of fishing boats coated with oil slick\u003cbr/\u003e11. Tracking shot of mangrove forest covered in oil\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Pastor Samuel Ayeni, State chairman of Artisan Fishermen:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The life for fisherman now is very, very, bad. That is why you see a lot of children now in the house, they don't go to school because no money to pay their school fees.\" (++OVERLAID WITH SHOT OF CHILDREN PLAYING++)\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Pastor Samuel Ayeni, State chairman of Artisan Fishermen:\u003cbr/\u003e\"As to what is happening, the Gulf of Mexico now, their president, even the government people, they really really (unintelligble) but in our country now they leave the fishermen like that.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE: (English) Pastor Samuel Ayeni, State chairman of Artisan Fishermen:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So I believe one day God is come, to come and intervene.\"\u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of family\u003cbr/\u003e16. Mid of man sitting outside house\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close up of child with a skin disease caused by contaminated water\u003cbr/\u003e18. Various of oil slick visible in water\u003cbr/\u003e19. Various of person walking in water covered in thick crude\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Okon Sunday, village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We were expecting Exxon Mobil that comes in here for oil production and exploration to make life very (unintelligble) for the people of the area but it is a pity that the reverse is the case.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Various of boats tied up on shoreline\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Okon Sunday, village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Fish here in an area here is contaminated by the liquid oil spill by Exxon Mobil.\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid of shoreline and steps\u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: (English) Okon Sunday, village chief in Iwuo-Okpom:\u003cbr/\u003e\"My life is not OK because of the poor water, the environment has been polluted.\"\u003cbr/\u003e25. Various of boats tied up on polluted shoreline\u003cbr/\u003e26. Mid of fishing village\u003cbr/\u003e27. Various of fishermen tending to their nets\u003cbr/\u003e28. Various of child with net\u003cbr/\u003e29. Children returning from school, a rare sight in fishing villages in the area\u003cbr/\u003e30. Various of children playing near fishing boats on shore\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide of coast line and boats\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide of village, just as a bike rides through the little pool of water ++MUTE++\u003cbr/\u003e33. Refocus shot of bike riding into frame carrying a woman and baskets ++MUTE++\u003cbr/\u003e34. Woman drying crayfish\u003cbr/\u003e35. Various of pipeline installation valve\u003cbr/\u003e36. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mike K. Vepene, Vice President of Bodo youth federation:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We need help from the world to come to our aid, help us out of this problem, this oil spillage that Shell doesn't want to do anything about it.\"\u003cbr/\u003e37. SOUNDBITE: (English) Mike K. Vepene, Vice President of Bodo youth federation:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Because if we continue to wait on Shell, Shell will not do it.  They come here since in the 50s and they have done nothing for us.\"\u003cbr/\u003e38. Various of pipeline installation\u003cbr/\u003e39. Mid of Kvepene\u003cbr/\u003e40. Various of oil spill on beach\u003cbr/\u003e41. Various aerial shots of polluted mangrove forest\u003cbr/\u003eOil powers the economy in the West African nation of Nigeria, but it is killing its southern shores. \u003cbr/\u003eWhile the world is transfixed by the BP disaster in the Gulf of Mexico, oil spills have become a part of everyday life during the 50 years that foreign firms have been pumping out Nigeria's easily refined fuel. \u003cbr/\u003eEnvironmentalists estimate as much as 550 (m) million gallons (2 (b) billion litres) of oil have poured into the Niger River Delta during that time - at a rate roughly comparable to one Exxon Valdez disaster per year.\u003cbr/\u003eVillagers here say the spillage regularly washes on to land, ruining their fishing nets and meagre livelihoods. \u003cbr/\u003eColonised by the British in the late 1800s for its palm oil, Nigeria became an oil power after Royal Dutch Shell PLC struck its first working well in 1956 in the Niger Delta. Other foreign firms moved in, among them Chevron Corp., Italy's Eni SpA, Exxon Mobil Corp. and French major Total SA, all working across the delta in partnership with the state-run Nigerian National Petroleum Corp.\u003cbr/\u003eMuch of the oil heads to the US.\u003cbr/\u003eOPEC figures put daily production at about 2 (m) million barrels. But the profits come at a steep ecological price.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to government figures, Nigeria suffered more than 6,800 oil spills from 1976 through 2001, losing some 130 (m) million gallons (492 (m) million litres) - 3 (m) million barrels.\u003cbr/\u003eBlack crude stains the coasts of the Niger Delta, a region of swamps, mangroves and creeks almost the size of South Carolina or Portugal. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Iwuo-Okpom, an Atlantic Ocean village of 7,000, a tiny flame on the horizon marks an offshore Exxon Mobil oil platform. \u003cbr/\u003eOn this coast, in January 1998, a pipeline of the company then known only as Mobil broke and spilled about 1.6 (m) million gallons (6 (m) million litres) into the ocean, one of Nigeria's worst spills. The slick spread as far as Lagos, a city of 14 (m) million people 200 kilometres (120 miles) northwest.\u003cbr/\u003eTade Amuwa, a 35-year-old woman who smokes fish in Iwuo-Okpom, says those caught near the village cook poorly.\u003cbr/\u003e\"All these things, they all go black,\" she said, sweeping her hand across oil-soaked driftwood and puny, discoloured fish.\u003cbr/\u003eMany of the fishermen in the area find it hard to make ends meet and children whose parents can't afford school fees end up staying at home.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a statement, Exxon Mobil's Nigerian subsidiary said it used airplanes and boats to spray dispersants on recent slicks, though \"regrettably some oil did reach shoreline areas.\" The subsidiary said it also offered contracts for locals to help with the cleanup. Village leaders denied receiving any such offers.\u003cbr/\u003eMore than 4,300 miles (7,000 kilometres) of pipelines and flow stations snake through the delta, some of them decades old, corroded and prone to failure under the pressure.\u003cbr/\u003eOil companies can't be blamed for all the spills. Militant groups have targeted pipelines, kidnapped oil workers and fought government troops here since 2006. \u003cbr/\u003eFearing attacks and kidnappings, firms are hesitant to send staff to spill sites, and often confine employees to offshore platforms and military-protected compounds.\u003cbr/\u003eIn Ogoniland, a swampy, oil-rich portion of the delta, villagers rebelled and drove out the oil companies in the 1990s. Still, Shell pipelines run throughout the area.\u003cbr/\u003eAs the tide ebbs at Bodo City, a town in Ogoniland, exposed mangrove roots drip black from spilled crude. There are no birds in the sky or fish in the creeks.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We need help from the world to come to our aid, help us out of this problem, this oil spillage that Shell doesn't want to do anything about it,\" said Mike K. Vipene, a youth leader in Bodo City.\u003cbr/\u003eCaroline Wittgen, a Shell spokeswoman, said the company wouldn't comment on individual spills. \u003cbr/\u003eA recent Shell environmental report said that almost all the oil spilled from company lines last year - more than 4 (m) million gallons (15.14 (m) million litres) - resulted from sabotage.\u003cbr/\u003eCriminal gangs often tap into pipelines in remote, unprotected areas. Government estimates suggest they steal as much as 15 percent of the delta's oil, loading some onto ships for sale on the black market. \u003cbr/\u003eOthers run refineries in the bush, producing bootleg gasoline to sell at rickety roadside tables throughout the delta.\u003cbr/\u003eThough thefts continue, violence has calmed in recent months with the offer of a government amnesty. Goodluck Jonathan, Nigeria's new president, is from the delta and has promised to make peace a priority.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the amnesty deal now appears to be faltering and demands for compensation persist. Okon Sunday, the village chief in Iwuo-Okpom, wants Exxon Mobil to pay his community (b) billions of US dollars.\u003cbr/\u003e\"My life is not OK because of the poor water, the environment has been polluted,\" he said.\u003cbr/\u003eIf compensation isn't treated seriously, militancy is inevitable, Sunday added.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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