{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Microbe found that widens scope for finding new forms of life' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc99d8eafeecae12dd99' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc99d8eafeecae12dd99' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nMicrobe found that widens scope for finding new forms of life\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Wide of news conference2. Cutaway of media3. SOUNDBITE (English) Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA Astrobiology Institute: (clients note: soundbite partly overlaid with image of bacterium)\"I'd like to introduce to you today the bacterium...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Wide of news conference\u003cbr/\u003e2. Cutaway of media\u003cbr/\u003e3. SOUNDBITE (English) Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA Astrobiology Institute: (clients note: soundbite partly overlaid with image of bacterium)\u003cbr/\u003e\"I'd like to introduce to you today the bacterium GFAJ-1. These are not little potatoes, they are a microbe that scientists lovingly call 'little bugs' but they're not bugs, they're microbes. And this is a bacterium that although looks ordinary, and this may look like a type of micograph many of us may have seen in different places, but it's doing something extraordinary.\"\u003cbr/\u003e4. Map showing Mono Lake in California\u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE (English) Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA Astrobiology Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I had been thinking about the idea of arsenic substituting for phosphorus for some time. So, it was an absolutely directed test. The question I was asking was, \"can arsenic substitute for phosphorus in a living microbe?' So, I ran the experiment where we grew it in a broth, in a liquid, an artificial liquid where we gave the mud from Mono Lake as the initial source of the microbes everything it needed, except no phosphorus, with a high dose of arsenic. So, I'm sorry if that was unclear, this was a directed search.\"\u003cbr/\u003e6. Pan of media\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English) Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA Astrobiology Institute: (clients note: soundbite begins on video of aerial of Mono Lake)\u003cbr/\u003e\"Mono Lake has three times the salt of sea water, a pH of 10, its basic, like bleach. And, it's got very high levels of arsenic and it's teeming with life. So, this seemingly inhospitable environment teems with life like bacteria, and algae and brine shrimp and it's a major stopping point for migratory birds on their way through the United States. And, we went to look for an interesting microbe and we went to an unusual place.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of news conference\u003cbr/\u003e9. Cutaway of reporter asking question\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE (English) Mary Voytek, Astrobiology Senior Scientist, NASA HQ:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now we're talking about an organism that we think, if not replacing all of it, appears to be using another fundamental component of life. The story isn't entirely carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, the other elements we mentioned are important as well. Its replacing phosphorus with arsenic. This is a huge deal.\"\u003cbr/\u003e11. Cutaway of new conference\u003cbr/\u003e12. Cutaway of media\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE (English) Felisa Wolfe-Simon, NASA Astrobiology Institute:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Some of the practical applications will develop over time. To understand, oh, here's the fundamental discovery and you know, its going to take an army of scientists, clearly not just myself and my team, but other people to bear on this problem with their tools and their ideas.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide view of end of news conference\u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide of media\u003cbr/\u003eThe discovery of a strange bacteria that can use arsenic as one of its nutrients widens the scope for finding new forms of life on Earth and possibly beyond, NASA scientists said on Thursday.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile researchers discovered the unusual bacteria here on Earth, they say it shows that life has possibilities beyond the major elements that have been considered essential.\u003cbr/\u003eSix major elements have long been considered essential for life - carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulphur.\u003cbr/\u003eAt a news conference on Thursday at NASA headquarters in Washington, researchers announced that they had found that a bacteria, discovered in Mono Lake, California, is able to continue to grow after substituting arsenic for phosphorus.\u003cbr/\u003eFelisa Wolfe-Simon of NASA's Astrobiology Institute, who led the study, targeted Mono Lake because it has high arsenic levels.\u003cbr/\u003eArsenic and phosphorous are chemically similar, so she speculated that a microbe exposed to both might be able to substitute one for the other.\u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers collected the bacteria known as GFAJ-1 and exposed it to increasing concentrations of arsenic, which it was able to adapt to and grow.\u003cbr/\u003eThe microbe does grow better on phosphorous, but showing that it can live with arsenic instead raises the possibility that a life form using arsenic could occur naturally, either elsewhere on Earth or on another planet or moon where arsenic is more common.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Now we're talking about an organism that we think, if not replacing all of it, appears to be using another fundamental component of life. The story isn't entirely carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, the other elements we mentioned are important as well. Its replacing phosphorus with arsenic. This is a huge deal,\" said Mary Voytek, Astrobiology Senior Scientist, NASA HQ\u003cbr/\u003eThe research was supported by NASA, the Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan 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