{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Museum devoted to battlefield surgery' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc8ed8eafeecae12d936' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc8ed8eafeecae12d936' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nMuseum devoted to battlefield surgery\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Exterior of National Museum of Health and Medicine2. Skeleton inside museum collections3. Skeleton of Charles Gaiteau, assassin of President James Garfield4. Life cast of President Abraham Lincoln's hands5. Vertebrae from President...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Exterior of National Museum of Health and Medicine\u003cbr/\u003e2. Skeleton inside museum collections\u003cbr/\u003e3. Skeleton of Charles Gaiteau, assassin of President James Garfield\u003cbr/\u003e4. Life cast of President Abraham Lincoln's hands\u003cbr/\u003e5. Vertebrae from President James Garfield\u003cbr/\u003e6. President Dwight David Eisenhower's gallstones\u003cbr/\u003e7. Conjoined twins\u003cbr/\u003e8. Confederate soldier's skull found in 1866 at Wilderness battlefield\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Solomon, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We do trace the history of American military medicine, but through the depth and breath of our five collections we actually are broader and have artifacts and specimens that come to us from around the world, as well as from the civilian area.\"\u003cbr/\u003e10. Military artist's sketch of Lincoln's final moments\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Solomon, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Among the most popular artifacts in the museum are the Lincoln artifacts. This includes the bullet that killed President Lincoln, the probe that the Army Medical Museum surgeon used to locate the bullet during autopsy.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Cutaway of bullet on display \u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE: (English) Steven Solomon, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When they finished, adhering to the tip of the probe were fragments from Lincoln's skull which are in these two small containers and a lock of Lincoln's hair. These are the only skull fragments that exist from President Lincoln and the only hair with US government chain of custody back to his head.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Lenore Barbian comes around corner to open cabinet\u003cbr/\u003e15. Drawer of cabinet is opened towards camera\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English) Lenore Barbian, Collections Manager at the National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So these are some of our presidential remains. The remains of John Wilkes Booth here. This is his vertebrae and then the spinal cord. In both cases you can see that there's a probe and its passing through the spinal cord. That's what the probe is showing you. The path of the bullet... through this paramecia here which you can see clearly the probe is penetrating, which, if you look at the spinal cord, again you can see, that the probe is clearly passing through the spinal cord.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close-up of Booth vertebrae and spinal cord (BARBIAN VOICE OVER: \"through this paramecia here which you can see clearly the probe is penetrating, which, if you look at the spinal cord, again you can see, that the probe is clearly passing through the spinal cord.\"\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (English) Lenore Barbian, Collections Manager, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"And then this is our shrunken head. So, this is a real shrunken head. There were some that, of course, produced for kind of the tourist trade. But this is a real human head that has been shrunk.\"\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide of Barbian at end of cabinet rows\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: (English) Lenore Barbian, Collections Manager, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Yes, we do have the skeleton of Ham who was the first chimpanzee in space. You can tell that he actually had lived for quite a number of years after he was in the space program because he was quite young, he was a young chimp. But he has quite a bit of arthritis, he has bad periodontal disease, but nothing probably, I mean typical for a chimpanzee who was in his advanced years.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Amputated foot from Civil War soldier\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE: (English) Lenore Barbian, Collections Manager, National Museum of Health and Medicine:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We have nearly 25 million artifacts in our collections which are the only collections that are designated an historic national landmark in a museum in Washington.\"\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close-up of photograph of Civil War soldier, pull out to show prosthesis used during Civil War\u003cbr/\u003eNestled on the campus of Walter Reed Medical Center is one of Washington D.C.'s most unique museums of artifacts and historical records in the world.\u003cbr/\u003eThe National Museum of Health and Medicine contains millions documents, bones, tissues and brains of historical importance, battlefield trauma and medical oddities from all over the world.\u003cbr/\u003eThe museum has five collections, including anatomical collections, human development anatomy centre and the neuroanatomical centre.\u003cbr/\u003eFounded in 1862 during the American Civil War, the museum was started as a way to study battlefield wounds and treatment from field hospitals operating in the various theatres of war.\u003cbr/\u003eThe museum now houses remains of such historical figures as the assassin of President James Garfield,  partial remains and life casts of President Abraham Lincoln, the vertebrae from President Garfield where the assassin's bullet nearly severed his spinal cord.\u003cbr/\u003eAlso in the collections are President Eisenhower's gallstones, given to the museum by Mamie Eisenhower.\u003cbr/\u003eIn addition to historical artifacts are various medical oddities, including various foetal deformities such as conjoined twins.  \u003cbr/\u003eBut the basis of the museum is the extensive Civil War battlefield medical procedure and treatment records that are now 150 years old.\u003cbr/\u003eThe first curator of the museum visited mid-Atlantic battlefields and solicited contributions from doctors throughout the Union Army.\u003cbr/\u003eDuring and after the war, museum staff took pictures of wounded soldiers showing the effects of gunshot wounds as well as results of amputations and other surgical procedures.\u003cbr/\u003eToday, the museum collects artifacts and contributions from all over the world.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We do trace the history of American military medicine, but through the depth and breath of our five collections we actually are broader and have artifacts and specimens that come to us from around the world, as well as from the civilian area,\" said Steven Solomon, Public Affairs Officer for the National Museum of Health and Medicine.\u003cbr/\u003eFollowing the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, the museum became the repository of artifacts from the night of April 14th 1865 at Ford's Theatre in Washington.\u003cbr/\u003eIncluded in the Lincoln material is a sketch of a dying president drawn by the United States Army's chief pathology artist who was the only artist allowed in the room at the time of Lincoln's death.\u003cbr/\u003e\"When they finished, adhering to the tip of the probe were fragments from Lincoln's skull which are in these two small containers and a lock of Lincoln's hair. These are the only skull fragments that exist from President Lincoln and the only hair with US government chain of custody back to his head,\" Solomon said.\u003cbr/\u003eDuring the late 19th and 20th centuries, museum staff engaged in various types of medical research.\u003cbr/\u003eStaff contributed to research on vaccinations for typhoid fever, infectious diseases, and also worked on efforts to combat sexually-transmissible diseases.\u003cbr/\u003eBy World War II, research at the museum focused increasingly on pathology, studying diseases of tissue and bones that originated on the battlefield.\u003cbr/\u003eAlong with the research facilities, the museum is dedicated to preserving, collecting and interpreting specimens, photographs and documents that chronicle the history and practice of medicine.\u003cbr/\u003eBehind the exhibits are additional items in the collection that span American history since the Civil War.\u003cbr/\u003eFor example, part of the spine and spinal cord from President Lincoln's assassin John Wilkes Booth.\u003cbr/\u003eBooth died of a gunshot wound through the spine several days after he assassinated Lincoln.\u003cbr/\u003eLenore Barbian is Collections Manager at the museum, and also a research scientist. \u003cbr/\u003e\"So these are some of our presidential remains. The remains of John Wilkes Booth here. This is his vertebrae and then the spinal cord. In both cases you can see that there's a probe and its passing through the spinal cord. That's what the probe is showing you. The path of the bullet... through this paramecia here which you can see clearly the probe is penetrating, which, if you look at the spinal cord, again you can see, that the probe is clearly passing through the spinal cord,\" she said.\u003cbr/\u003eThe collection is not limited to only human remains.\u003cbr/\u003eSkeletal remains of the first chimpanzee in space, Ham, are stored at the National Health and Medicine Museum.\u003cbr/\u003eHam was blasted into space in January of 1961 and performed simple commands to test mental agility in space before human flight began several years later.\u003cbr/\u003eThe historical collections at the museum document changes in medical technology since the early 19th century, including X-ray machines, surgical instruments, and iron lungs used for polio victims. \u003cbr/\u003eThe centre is a primary source for centralised research in developmental anatomy from which researchers can obtain data about normal development for both human and common research species.\u003cbr/\u003eToday, the anatomical collection is comprised of four types of materials, anatomical and pathological skeletal and fluid preserved tissue specimens, along with slides and tissue blocks.\u003cbr/\u003eThe National Museum of Health and Medicine is open every day except Christmas and is located on the grounds of Walter Reed Medical Center.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource 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