{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Scientists work on vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc79d8eafeecae12ce82' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc79d8eafeecae12ce82' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nScientists work on vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eBuenos Aires - 16 March 20061. Various of exteriors National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA 2. Various of scientists working in INTA laboratory 3. Various of laboratory mice nibbling genetically modified alfalfa 4. SOUNDBITE...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eBuenos Aires - 16 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various of exteriors National Institute of Agricultural Technology, INTA \u003cbr/\u003e2. Various of scientists working in INTA laboratory \u003cbr/\u003e3. Various of laboratory mice nibbling genetically modified alfalfa \u003cbr/\u003e4. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Dr Fernando Fernandez, Director of Virology, INTA: \u003cbr/\u003e\"What we have succeeded in doing is that these white mice, fed on leaves from alfalfa plants containing this antigen, have generated an immunological response. In other words, they have produced (their own) defence in terms of antibodies. When they have been challenged with the infectious virus, the mice were protected.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Various laboratory mice in boxes \u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Maria Jose dos Santos, Head of Vaccines Research, INTA:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We were the first to prove that the antigens (a substance that stimulates an immune response) produced in plants protect against infection by the corresponding pathogen (infectious agent). This was done with a protein from the foot and mouth disease virus, which was used as a vaccine in mice. And these mice were then inoculated experimentally with the infectious foot-and-mouth virus. They turned out to be completely protected.\" \u003cbr/\u003e7. Scientist preparing milk bottle to feed laboratory calf\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various scientist feeding laboratory calf from milk bottle\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Maria Jose dos Santos, Head of Vaccines Research, INTA :\u003cbr/\u003e\"The step from a laboratory animal, an experimental model like mice, to the natural carrier of the pathogen, is a very important step. It requires the plant to produce sufficient protein to trigger the immune system and generate the protection within the animal. So what we are producing is really very similar to what happens in nature.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBuenos Aires - 11 September 2001\u003cbr/\u003e10. Various of cattle in Buenos Aires market\u003cbr/\u003eBuenos Aires - 16 March 2006\u003cbr/\u003e11. Various scientist working in another INTA laboratory  \u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (Spanish) Dr Fernando Fernandez, Director of Virology (INTA) \u003cbr/\u003e\"Even if I cannot reply in terms of how long it will take, I can tell you from a  conceptual point of view that there seem to be no limits to science. And it is not science-fiction to think of a future with a field sown with various crops to immunise animals orally.\" \u003cbr/\u003eSanta Fe Province - 9 September 2001\u003cbr/\u003e13. Gaucho on horseback herding cattle on ranch\u003cbr/\u003eScientists in Argentina are conducting research into a possible edible vaccine against the deadly cattle disease, foot-and-mouth.\u003cbr/\u003eThey are hoping it will eventually be possible to plant entire fields with genetically modified alfalfa that cattle could graze on and thus \"vaccinate\" themselves.\u003cbr/\u003eSuch a breakthrough would revolutionise the way farmers protect their livestock.\u003cbr/\u003eOn the outskirts of Buenos Aires, at Argentina''s Institute of Agricultural Technology, scientists are working on a project which could eventually make foot-and-mouth disease a thing of the past. \u003cbr/\u003eThey are conducting research aimed at using plants to vaccinate cattle.\u003cbr/\u003eThese mice are being fed with genetically modified alfalfa, a plant widely used in Argentina for grazing cattle. \u003cbr/\u003eTo produce these modified plants - which allegedly vaccinate the mice - bacteria is used to introduce extra genes to the alfalfa. \u003cbr/\u003eThese extra genes contain information about the production of proteins found in the foot-and-mouth virus.\u003cbr/\u003eThe plants which are fed to the mice do not contain the live foot-and-mouth virus - only its empty shell. \u003cbr/\u003eBut when the animal eat the alfalfa, their immune system thinks it''s being attacked by the foot-and-mouth virus and creates antibodies against it.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter years of experimenting on mice, the results have been so promising that they are now moving to a new phase - testing on young calves.\u003cbr/\u003eThis is the logical next step because their digestive system is simpler than that of adult cattle. \u003cbr/\u003eAt this milk-drinking stage, the calves have only one stomach - after about seven weeks, they will develop three more stomachs.\u003cbr/\u003eTheir food will then be regurgitated for more chewing before passing down to the next one.\u003cbr/\u003eIf the calves'' testing is successful, the progress will likely be welcomed by cattle farmers, for whom the threat of foot-and-mouth hangs constantly over their livelihoods. \u003cbr/\u003eOnce the infection appears, it interferes with reproduction and milk output, and causes weight loss in all cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, sheep and pigs.\u003cbr/\u003eThose leading the project emphasise that they still have a very long way to go, and that success is not guaranteed.\u003cbr/\u003eThe days when cattle chew the genetically modified cud in pastures, inducing antibody production, are some years away.\u003cbr/\u003eThe scientists are still evaluating the test results.\u003cbr/\u003eKeyword-science-technology\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid 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