{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Ancient burial jars mystify researchers' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc66d8eafeecae12c5e5' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc66d8eafeecae12c5e5' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAncient burial jars mystify researchers\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAround 600 years ago, the people living in the remote Cardamom Mountains in southern Cambodia placed the bones of their dead in large jars on steep ledges hidden deep in the jungle. Ten years after discovering a large gravesite full of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAround 600 years ago, the people living in the remote Cardamom Mountains in southern Cambodia placed the bones of their dead in large jars on steep ledges hidden deep in the jungle. \u003cbr/\u003eTen years after discovering a large gravesite full of jars, researchers are still baffled as to why ancient Cambodians used jars in this way. \u003cbr/\u003eThis is some of the densest tropical rainforest in Southeast Asia, and home to wild animals like elephants, bears and tigers, as well as diseases like malaria and dengue fever.  \u003cbr/\u003eCambodian ceramics expert, Tep Sokha and US-born archaeologist, Dr. Nancy Beavan are flying deep into the jungle to Phnom Khnang Peurng - where the largest collection of mysterious jars was found tucked into ledges on cliff sides 10 years ago.   \u003cbr/\u003eOn foot this 15 minute journey would take four gruelling days. \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Beavan has led the research into the jars for almost ten years. Today she and her team are making perhaps their last trip to see the jars before their funding grant runs out next year. \u003cbr/\u003eAfter touching down in a clearing in the forest, the team hikes the rest of the way on foot, cutting through the undergrowth as they climb to over 600 metres (1968 feet) above sea level.  \u003cbr/\u003eClambering over rocks they arrive at the Phnom Khnang Peurng site on a small rock ledge high above the jungle canopy. \u003cbr/\u003eThe site contains over forty ancient ceramic jars containing the remains of between one to three individuals.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe long necks of each jar have been removed to allow the skulls to fit through the gap. \u003cbr/\u003eResearchers believe that the highland people used a practice called 'secondary burial', where bodies were first \"defleshed\" before being gathered up and placed in the jars ahead of a farewell ceremony to release the soul.\u003cbr/\u003eThe research team first arrived here in 2003. Among the bones they also found simple glass coloured beads and iron rings - hinting at the lives of the people whose remains were interred here. \u003cbr/\u003e\"When we first arrived here most of the ceramics were broken because the ceiling had collapsed on top of them. We spent two weeks up here to reconstruct the jars and when we were done we kept them here in the same place, in a good condition. After restoring the jars we decided that we wouldn't bring anything away from the site,\" says ceramics expert, Tep Sokha.\u003cbr/\u003eIt's believed that the jars contain the remains of a highland minority who were persecuted by the lowland Khmers and considered a slave class. This could help explain the hidden locations of the jars.\u003cbr/\u003eIn line with local practices, peace is made with the dead with Buddhist offerings and prayers.  \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Beavan, an expert in radiocarbon dating based in New Zealand, has been studying the jars since around 2004.  \u003cbr/\u003e\"This is one of the best examples of the jar burial tradition of the Cardamom Mountains. Here at Phnom Khnang Peurng there are over forty of these intact burial jars with up to 152 individuals.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBeaven says the collection of bodies have been dated to between 1440 and 1465 AD, which means this massive gravesite was put in place within 15 to 45 years.\u003cbr/\u003eResearch has revealed that most of the jars were made in Thai kilns and are similar to those found in a 15th century shipwreck found 20 km (12 miles) off Koh Kong, 100 km (62 miles) to the south. \u003cbr/\u003eTep Sokha, who is now based in Koh Kong, says that the jars from the shipwreck prove an interesting connection between the highland peoples and international traders from Thailand and beyond.   \u003cbr/\u003e\"This jar comes from the Koh s'dech shipwreck which was discovered in 2006. It is exactly the same as those used by the highland people. As you know the highland people used the jars in their funeral ceremonies which they then kept stored on rock ledges in the jungle.\"   \u003cbr/\u003eThe shipwreck was salvaged by a Russian team who hauled up the jars broken into many pieces.\u003cbr/\u003eSokha spent years patiently gluing them back together piece by piece. \u003cbr/\u003eTo date he has restored about 140 jars which he plans to put on display to the public along with other items from the shipwreck. \u003cbr/\u003eThe latest jars site, known as Cedi, was discovered in 2012 and is best reached by motorbike from the jungle village of Chi Phat.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter a two hour ride along winding trails and a short hike, the team finally arrives.\u003cbr/\u003eThe site was discovered by Hang Bunthean, a local villager, who went into the forest to collect resin from trees and stumbled upon the jars.\u003cbr/\u003eToday Cedi is open to tourists who can see a variety of burial jars and, on a nearby ledge, a series of miniature wooden coffins. \u003cbr/\u003eCarved from locally felled wood - the coffins are receptacles for bones, made to hold remains not whole bodies.\u003cbr/\u003eMany still contain human remains although termites have taken their toll.  \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Beavan, burial practices like these were unknown in lowland areas where bodies were traditionally cremated, buried or thrown into a river.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The jar and coffin burials of the Cardamom Mountains we've radiocarbon dated to between the 15th to 17th centuries AD. They're wholly unlike the practices that were done in the lowlands during the Angkorian times. As much as we're studied these coffin and jar burials we still have absolutely no idea how the people got these ideas, and why.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBeavan won a grant for $720,000 NZ (US $534,805) from the Royal Society of New Zealand, to fund her work for three years, but that grant is now in its final year. She hopes to win further funding, but if she is not successful her work in Cambodia will end.  \u003cbr/\u003eBefore departing the team put in signs asking visitors to respect the sites, although bigger threats from logging and planned hydro electric projects remain.\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eCardamom Mountains, Koh Kong Province - December 1st 2014\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of helicopter taking off. \u003cbr/\u003e2. Medium of pilot.\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide of jungle seen through front window.\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close up of pilot's hand on joystick.\u003cbr/\u003e5. Medium of male passenger. \u003cbr/\u003e6. Medium of female passenger. \u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nancy Beavan PhD, Senior Research Fellow, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand:\u003cbr/\u003e\"So we've done about 70 kilometres of surveys across this ridge and found eleven of the sites.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Medium of pilot as he is landing helicopter. \u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide of helicopter on the ground with passengers disembarking.\u003cbr/\u003e10. Medium of people from behind walking through the jungle.\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide ground shot of people passing by. \u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide of man chopping through the undergrowth.\u003cbr/\u003e13. Medium of people arriving on rock ledge.\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide pan of jars.\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close up of human remains in a jar.\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up of beads and rings in woman's hand.\u003cbr/\u003e17. Wide of man handing skull to woman. \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Tep Sokha, researcher affiliated to the Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts:\u003cbr/\u003e\"When we first arrived here most of the ceramics were broken because the ceiling had collapsed on top of them. We spent two weeks up here to reconstruct the jars and when we were done we kept them here in the same place, in a good condition. After restoring the jars we decided that we wouldn't bring anything away from the site.\" \u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide pan up cliff face to people working on ledge.\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide pan of jungle canopy.\u003cbr/\u003e21. Medium of people praying.\u003cbr/\u003e22. Close up of woman's face.\u003cbr/\u003e23. SOUNDBITE (English), Nancy Beavan PhD, Senior Research Fellow, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand:\u003cbr/\u003e\"This is one of the best examples of the jar burial tradition of the Cardamom Mountains. Here at Phnom Khnang Peurng there are over forty of these intact burial jars with up to 152 individuals. \"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television  \u003cbr/\u003eKoh Kong town, November 29th, 2014 \u003cbr/\u003e24. Wide ground shot of man walking past along seafront wall.\u003cbr/\u003e25. Medium of man walking towards camera.\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE: (Khmer) Tep Sokha, researcher affiliated with the Cambodian Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts.\u003cbr/\u003e\"This jar comes from the Koh s'dech shipwreck which was discovered in 2006. It is exactly the same as those used by the highland people. As you know the highland people used the jars in their funeral ceremonies which they then kept stored on rock ledges in the jungle.\"   \u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide of building.\u003cbr/\u003e28. Medium of man reconstructing jar. \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close up pan of man's face. \u003cbr/\u003e30. Close up of glue being applied to crack in jar.\u003cbr/\u003e31. Wide pan of shelves of jars. \u003cbr/\u003e32. Close up pan of jar. \u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003ePrek Svay village, Cardamom Mountains - December 2nd, 2014\u003cbr/\u003e33. Wide ground shot of passing motorbikes. \u003cbr/\u003e34. Wide of policeman and motorcyclist passing down jungle trail.\u003cbr/\u003e35. Wide ground shot of motorbike crossing stream.\u003cbr/\u003e36. Wide ground shot of people walking away through bamboo grove. \u003cbr/\u003e37. Wide pan of ladders on rock face.  \u003cbr/\u003e38. Wide of man taking photographs of jars. \u003cbr/\u003e39. Medium pan of jars. \u003cbr/\u003e40. Medium pan of wooden coffins. \u003cbr/\u003e41. Close up of human remains in a coffin. \u003cbr/\u003e42. SOUNDBITE: (English) Nancy Beavan PhD, Senior Research Fellow, University of Otago, School of Medical Sciences, New Zealand.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The jar and coffin burials of the Cardamom Mountains we've radiocarbon dated to between the 15th to 17th centuries AD. They're wholly unlike the practices that were done in the lowlands during the Angkorian times. As much as we're studied these coffin and jar burials we still have absolutely no idea how the people got these ideas, and why.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television  \u003cbr/\u003eCardomom Mountains, December 1st, 2014 \u003cbr/\u003e43. Medium of sign. \u003cbr/\u003e44. 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