{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='TURKMENISTAN: OIL \u0026amp;amp; GAS EXPORTS HINDERED BY LOCATION OF FIELDS' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc4dd8eafeecae12b9f8' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc4dd8eafeecae12b9f8' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nTURKMENISTAN: OIL \u0026amp;amp; GAS EXPORTS HINDERED BY LOCATION OF FIELDS\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eEnglish/Nat The former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan is reputed to hold the world's third biggest gas reserves as well as considerable oil fields.Yet it remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics.Sandwiched between Russia, to...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eEnglish/Nat \u003cbr/\u003eThe former Soviet republic of Turkmenistan is reputed to hold the world's third biggest gas reserves as well as considerable oil fields.\u003cbr/\u003eYet it remains the poorest of the former Soviet republics.\u003cbr/\u003eSandwiched between Russia, to the north, and Iran and Afghanistan, to the south, its position means gas cannot easily be exported to markets.\u003cbr/\u003eNow with the fall in oil revenues there are fears that if the situation in Turkmenistan continues, frustration could overspill into civil war.\u003cbr/\u003eIn the heady days following the collapse of the former Soviet Union the Turkmen government built these 28 luxury hotels in anticipation of a Kuwait-style oil and gas boom.\u003cbr/\u003eToday the so-called \"Las Vegas\" strip is virtually empty, still waiting for its cash rich oil executives.\u003cbr/\u003eThe former Soviet republic may have huge oil reserves and the world's third biggest gas fields - but it has one major disadvantage: getting its fuel to markets.\u003cbr/\u003eUnlike other former Soviet republics such as Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan is thought largely inaccessible by Western oil companies and there are richer picking elsewhere.\u003cbr/\u003eIts further hindered by its outdated infrastructure; all pipelines point north, a legacy from Soviet days.\u003cbr/\u003eDue to a dispute with the Russian oil company Gazprom,  Moscow has now closed the pipeline and Turkmenistan can no longer transport its gas north.\u003cbr/\u003eTransport through Iran to the south is also a problem because of U-S imposed sanctions.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd the current instability in Afghanistan led the U-S company Unocal to recently shelve its gas pipeline through to Pakistan.\u003cbr/\u003eTurkmenistan it appears is hindered on all sides.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (English)\u003cbr/\u003e\"You can either ship gas south through Afghanistan or through Iran or up north through Russia and all of those have political if not natural barriers to the markets that can pay money for the gas.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION:  Scott Barber, President of Unocal, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan\u003cbr/\u003eThere are proposals afoot to build a pipeline under the Caspian and also east through China - but even if these do come about they won't happen for at least 10 years.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter independence in 1992 President Saparmurad Niyazov, in anticipation of an oil boom, promised every farmer a Mercedes Benz.\u003cbr/\u003eInstead wages have not been paid for three to four months and funding to hospitals and universities have been cut so dramatically that departments have closed.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile most people struggle to live, the authoritarian president is spending vast amounts of money on prestigious projects.\u003cbr/\u003eLater this month Turkmenistan's very own \"statue of liberty\" will be completed to coincide with the state's independence day.\u003cbr/\u003eA revolving statue of Niyazov will top this stand.\u003cbr/\u003e\"In the meantime Turkmenistan remains the poorest out of all Caspian oil states with the shortest life expectancy among all Soviet republics and a complete dependancy of its economy on potential gas exports.  Its industry is not developed, its agriculture is very poor, and the general state of the economy is just terrible in the current situation, so hopes for the oil boom and gas is really very much with the current government is hoping for is that is not to become reality the future of Turkmenistan would be gradual descent into an Afghan situation where there is a growing inequalities between the corrupt and the rich elite and the very poor.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION:  Oxana Antonenko, Institute for Strategic Studies\u003cbr/\u003eThere are fears that Afghanistan's civil war could overspill into Turkmenistan.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Turkmenistan is not part of the C-I-S security agreement, it can not count on the joint actions in case the Taliban Afghan instability is going to develop into Turkmenistan therefore its border with Iran and Afghanistan is practically open and its border with Afghanistan is practically transparent both for drugs and for criminal activities therefore any instability within the country cannot be excluded.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION:  Oxana Antonenko, Institute for Strategic Studies\u003cbr/\u003eIf Turkmenistan is to see financial growth then improved relations between America and Iran may be its only hope.\u003cbr/\u003eCurrently some non-American companies are carrying out \"oil swaps\" with Iran.  For every barrel of oil exported across the border, Tehran puts oil into the Persian Gulf.\u003cbr/\u003eTurkmenistan for example has not earned any revenue from gas sales for the past 18 months, it's in a very bad economic situation, and increasingly the oil companies as well as the Central Asian states will have to be seeing Iran as possibly the most viable option for an exit route for their oil and gas, so far the United States has opposed any pipelines through Iran or swaps through Iran, but what we are seeing at the moment is the oil companies are organising oil swaps.\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Ahmed Rashid, author and journalist\u003cbr/\u003eWith estimated gas reserves of nearly three trillion cubic metres, Turkmenistan has the potential to become immensely wealthy.\u003cbr/\u003eBut due to its poor strategic position and its authoritarian president, its potential prosperity could well blow up in its face.\u003cbr/\u003eIf ordinary people do not see their dreams fulfilled their frustration may spill over into conflict and unrest.\u003cbr/\u003e  Ashkhabad, Turkmenbashi, Mary, Chelekan, Turkmenistan; Baku, Azerbaijan; London, UK; Islamabad, Pakistan Sept 25th- 28th, 1998 \u003cbr/\u003eAshkhabad - Sept 25th\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide shot of Las Vegas-style strip of new luxury hotels with sprinklers\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid shot of hotels\u003cbr/\u003eTurkmenbashi - Sept 26th\u003cbr/\u003e3. Oil and gas refinery\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid shot of gas flares\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up of gas flares\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide shot of pipelines running along dockside\u003cbr/\u003e7. Wide shot of anti-aircraft missiles lined up along Iranian border\u003cbr/\u003eFile, Afghan/Iranian border\u003cbr/\u003eBaku, Azerbaijan - Oct 2nd\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE: Scott Barber, President of Unocal, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan\u003cbr/\u003eTurkmenbashi - Sept 26th\u003cbr/\u003e9. Wide shot of Caspian Sea  \u003cbr/\u003e10. Mid shot of boats in Caspian Sea\u003cbr/\u003eAshkhabad - Sept 25th\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide shot of picture of President Saparmurad Niyazov\u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up of picture of president\u003cbr/\u003eOutside Ashkhabad - Sept 25th\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide shot of people picking cotton\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close up of cotton picker\u003cbr/\u003eNear Mary - Sept 28th\u003cbr/\u003e15. Wide shot of women selling bread in old prams at the market\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up of bread\u003cbr/\u003e17. Mid shot of woman with bread\u003cbr/\u003eAshkhabad - Sept 25th\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide shot of new palace\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide shot of \"statue of liberty\" under construction.  A revolving statue of the president will top the stand\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK - October 9th\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE: Oxana Antonenko, Institute for Strategic Studies\u003cbr/\u003e21. File pictures of Afghanistan civil war - 1995\u003cbr/\u003eLondon, UK - October 9th\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE:  Oxana Antonenko, Institute for Strategic Studies\u003cbr/\u003eTurkmenistan- Sept 24th\u003cbr/\u003e23. Wide shot of Turkmenistan/Iranian border\u003cbr/\u003eIslamabad, Pakistan \u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE: Ahmed Rashid, author and journalist\u003cbr/\u003eChelekan - Oct 1st\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide shot gas burn off from oil process\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close up of flames\u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide shot of reflected sand\u003cbr/\u003e28. Close up of moon\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid 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class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e1998\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003esouth asia, iran, russia, afghanistan, asia, business, economy, pakistan, north america, europe, eastern europe, western europe, international trade, london, england\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up 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