{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='How garlic can help curb greenhouse gases' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc27d8eafeecae12a793' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc27d8eafeecae12a793' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nHow garlic can help curb greenhouse gases\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionAberystwyth, Wales, 1st June 20111. Medium shot of cow. 2. Close up of manure. 3. Wide shot of cows in field. 4. Close up cow in field. 5. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jamie Newbold, Aberystwyth University:\"Full grown dairy...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eAberystwyth, Wales, 1st June 2011\u003cbr/\u003e1. Medium shot of cow. \u003cbr/\u003e2. Close up of manure. \u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide shot of cows in field. \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close up cow in field. \u003cbr/\u003e5. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jamie Newbold, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Full grown dairy cows have a rumen, that's the digestive tract,  the size of a wheelie bin, OK?, full of microbes. It's those microbes that produce the methane. We investigate how different additives effect that microbe population, trying to get a population that produces less methane.\" \u003cbr/\u003e6. Pan right to left on bottles and lab equipment.\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close up jars.\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide shot scientist in lab.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up assorted lab equipment on desk.\u003cbr/\u003e10. Medium close up scientist conducting tests.  \u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jamie Newbold, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We've discovered that there's a compound in garlic that's actually selectively toxic to those methane producing bacteria, so when you feed the garlic the rest of the fermentation carries on quite happily, but the methane producing bacteria are killed.\" \u003cbr/\u003e12. Close up garlic solution in jar. \u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up garlic solution in jar and animal feed in bottle.\u003cbr/\u003e14. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Kenton Hart, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I have a standardised feed weighed out into a glass bottle, we then transfer a known quantity of an additive within the bottle. Then we inoculate the bottle with rumen gut contents.\" \u003cbr/\u003e15. Medium close up of scientist putting sample in jar. \u003cbr/\u003e16. Close up of garlic solution in jar \u003cbr/\u003e17. Close up of jar being sealed \u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. Kenton Hart, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Methane emissions currently contribute to approximately 18 percent of global green house gas production, so reductions in methane emissions from agriculture would be substantial and would help curtail global warming.\" \u003cbr/\u003e19. Close up of scientist's hands \u003cbr/\u003e20. Medium close up of scientist taking samples \u003cbr/\u003e21. Close up of jars \u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. David M Williams, Neem Biotech Ltd.:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We were looking at supplying 25 percent of the UK herd. We were estimating we would require something like five and a half thousand tonnes of garlic a year, so it could be very big business.\" \u003cbr/\u003e23. Mid shot of three cows in pen \u003cbr/\u003e24. Close up of cow in pen with zoom out \u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE (English) Dr. David M Williams, Neem Biotech Ltd:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The only problem with Allicin which came out in some of the later trials we did is in fact that it tends to taint the milk which is not very good and we are now looking at other garlic metabolites with the same sort of activity, but without the downside so one with greater stability and one with less taint for the milk.\"\u003cbr/\u003e26. Wide shot cows in pen \u003cbr/\u003e27. Mid shot sheep in pen \u003cbr/\u003e28. Mid shot of lambs running in pen \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close up of lambs looking into camera \u003cbr/\u003e30. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jamie Newbold, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Sheep by their nature tend to live up on the higher hills where they graze. We are trying to find other ways to work with them, new grass varieties, new breeding methods to breed the sheep, actually trying to find things we can add to the diet once and then they will last for longer periods.\"\u003cbr/\u003e31. Close up sheep in pen \u003cbr/\u003e32. Various shots of sheep being fed. \u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE (English) Professor Jamie Newbold, Aberystwyth University:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We work on the genetics of the animals trying to understand, can we breed animals to produce less green house gasses? We work on the nutrition, we work for colleagues who are plant readers to try and generate new grasses that will produce less greenhouse gas from the animals.\" \u003cbr/\u003e34. Mid shot of cows in pen \u003cbr/\u003e35. Close up of cow \u003cbr/\u003e36. Close up of cow with zoom out \u003cbr/\u003eThey burp. They break wind. They release methane. \u003cbr/\u003eFarm animals are reported to produce around 20% of the world's methane emissions and there are concerns that this is contributing to global warming. \u003cbr/\u003eBut scientists in believe they've come up with a way of lowering the amount of gas animals produce, by sneaking a food into their diet that's normally used to keep vampires rather than gases at bay. \u003cbr/\u003eThe dairy cows that live on this research farm at Aberystwyth University in West Wales look harmless enough. But the natural gases and waste they produce all contain  methane. As a greenhouse gas, it is twenty five percent more potent than carbon dioxide and scientists are investigating ways of cutting down these emissions by altering what farm animals eat. \u003cbr/\u003eProfessor Jamie Newbold from Aberystwyth University says: \"Full grown dairy cows have a rumen, that's the digestive tract, that's the size of a wheelie bin full of microbes. It's those microbes that produce the methane. We investigate how different additives effect that microbe population and try to get a population that produces less methane.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn their labs nearby they've been experimenting with plant extracts, essential oils and fats. They wanted to find out if they could reduce the methane build up in a cow's stomach when different additives were mixed with their food. After hundreds of tests scientists have discovered that garlic, the pungent plant added to food the world over, is the most effective at breaking down the bacteria that produces methane.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Newbold says: \"We've discovered that there's a compound in garlic that's actually selectively toxic to those methane producing bacteria, so when you feed the garlic the rest of the fermentation carries on quite happily, but the methane producing bacteria are killed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn this jar is a solution containing garlic extract, which Dr Kenton Hart has been experimenting with for nearly three years.  \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Kenton Hart from Aberystwyth University says:  \"I have a standardised feed weighed out into a glass bottle, we then transfer a known quantity of an additive within the bottle. Then we inoculate the bottle with rumen gut content.\"\u003cbr/\u003eOnce the garlic solution has been mixed together with the animal feed and stomach contents, like it would in a cow's stomach, it's left to incubate for twenty four hours. The gases in the jar are then tested to see how much methane has been produced. Their results have shown a reduction of up to forty percent.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Hart says: \"Methane emissions currently contribute to approximately 18 percent of global green house gas production so reductions in methane emissions from agriculture would be substantial and would help curtail global warming.\" \u003cbr/\u003eBased on their research, the university believes a product that will reduce methane emissions from livestock could be commercially available within the next three years. And the company that engineers the garlic solution, known as Allicin, are optimistic about future possibilities.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. David M Williams from Neem Biotech Ltd. says:  \"We were looking at supplying 25 percent of the UK herd. We were estimating we would require something like five and a half thousand tonnes of garlic a year so it could be very big business.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWhilst garlic appears to be reducing the amount of methane these cows produce some teething problems remain. Even though many people enjoy the taste of garlic it's unlikely they would enjoy the taste of it in their milk. \u003cbr/\u003eDr. Williams says: \"The only problem with Allicin which came out in some of the later trials we did is in fact that it tends to taint the milk which is not very good and we are now looking at other garlic metabolites with the same sort of activity but without the downside so one with greater stability and one with less taint for the milk.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIt's not just cows that Aberystwyth's scientists are experimenting on. They're also investigating how they can reduce the greenhouse gases that sheep and other livestock produce. \u003cbr/\u003eDr Newbold says: \"Sheep by their nature tend to live up on the higher hills where they graze. We are trying to find other ways to work with them, new grass varieties, new breeding methods to breed the sheep actually trying to find things we can add to the diet once and then they will last for longer periods.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe university has been running these tests for nearly three years and has cost them �3.9 million ($6 million). However, they believe that not only will their products be a commercial success around the world, but they will help to protect the environment from gases that do more damage than a nasty smell.  \u003cbr/\u003eDr Newbold says:  \"We work on the genetics of the animals trying to understand can we breed animals to produce less green house gasses, we work on the nutrition, we work for colleagues who are plant readers to try and generate new grasses that will produce less greenhouse gas from the animals.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSo the experiments will continue in West Wales for the foreseeable future. The animals in these pens blissfully unaware that they, and their gases, are being used to help fight global warming.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star-half-stroke text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-regular fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt class=\"educator-rating-title\"\u003eEducator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"educator-rating-details\" data-path=\"/educator_ratings/rrp_data?resourceable_id=1128497\u0026amp;resourceable_type=Boclips%3A%3AVideoMetadata\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"not-yet-rated\"\u003eNot yet Rated\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eGrade\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd title=\"Grade\"\u003eHigher Ed\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSubjects\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\u0026amp;subject_ids%5B%5D=1216220\"\u003eAll Subjects\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eMedia Type\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=2\u0026amp;type_ids%5B%5D=4543650\"\u003eNews Clips\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eSource:\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e2011\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;grade_ids%5B%5D=259\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003ework, europe, western europe, energy, mammals, milk, animals, climate change, food, methane, climate, sheep, business, pollution, wales, population\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003elivestock farming, emissions reduction, methane emissions, environment and nature, food and beverage manufacturing, consumer product manufacturing, garlic, industries, greenhouse gas, united kingdom, feed, breed, food manufacturing, environmental concerns, consumer products and services, gonna, agriculture, biology, environment, bottle, additive, science, beverage and tobacco products manufacturing, sheep and goat farming, oil and gas, produce, cattle farming, find, oil and gas extraction, agriculture and the environment\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator Ratings\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"all-educator-ratings-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"educator-rating-form-root\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Show resource details' class='rp-show-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nShow resource details\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Video player' class='player' id='player-wrapper' role='region'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='relative container mx-auto' id='lp-boclips-visitor-thumbnail'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"block\" data-html=\"true\" data-placement=\"bottom\" data-trigger=\"click\" data-content=\"\u003cdiv class=\u0026quot;text-center py-2\u0026quot;\u003e\u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/auth/users/sign_in\u0026quot;\u003eSign in\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca class=\u0026quot;bold text-danger\u0026quot; data-posthog-event=\u0026quot;Signup: LP Signup Activity\u0026quot; data-posthog-location=\u0026quot;body_link_boclips\u0026quot; data-remote=\u0026quot;true\u0026quot; href=\u0026quot;/subscription/new\u0026quot;\u003eJoin Now\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\" data-title=\"Get Full Access\" data-container=\"body\" rel=\"popover\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Play video: How garlic can help curb greenhouse gases\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cimg class=\"resource-img img-thumbnail img-responsive z-10 lp-boclips-thumbnail w-full h-full lozad\" alt=\"How garlic can help curb greenhouse gases\" title=\"How garlic can help curb greenhouse gases\" onError=\"handleImageNotLoadedError(this)\" data-default-image=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" data-src=\"https://static.lp.lexp.cloud/images/attachment_defaults/resource/large/missing.png\" width=\"315\" height=\"220\" src=\"data:image/png;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs\" /\u003e\n\u003cspan aria-hidden='true' class='flex justify-center items-center bg-white rounded-full w-16 h-16 absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -mt-8 -ml-8 cursor-pointer z-0 border-2 border-primary drop-shadow-md lp-boclips-thumbnail-playBtn'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fa-solid fa-play text-primary text-3xl ml-1 drop-shadow-xl'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n"}