{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Australian farmers forced to adapt or shut down due to drought' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc0fd8eafeecae129d0e' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bc0fd8eafeecae129d0e' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAustralian farmers forced to adapt or shut down due to drought\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionNarrung, South Australia, 30 August 20091. Wide of low water levels in lake surrounded by grass on Leese family's former dairy farm2. Pull out from grassy former lake3. Close of disused milking machinery4. Tilt down across...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung, South Australia, 30 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of low water levels in lake surrounded by grass on Leese family's former dairy farm\u003cbr/\u003e2. Pull out from grassy former lake\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of disused milking machinery\u003cbr/\u003e4. Tilt down across disused milking machinery\u003cbr/\u003e5. Set-up shot of former dairy farmers Lorraine and Joe Leese walking across disused milking yard\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English): Lorraine Leese, former dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It was breaking our hearts to see the dairy cows not being fed correctly, not having water. And the water was the main thing. We could not source quality water - the salinity was so high.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Pan across disused water pumping building\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eAdelaide, South Australia, 31 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English): Karlene Maywald, South Australian Minister for the River Murray:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We're used to droughts and flooding rains, and at the moment mother nature is throwing to us one of the worst droughts ever seen. In fact it is the most extreme drought that we've seen since we've been taking records for 117 years.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung, South Australia, 30 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e9. Pan across empty cattle paddocks\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of disused milking shed\u003cbr/\u003e11. Pull out from low water levels in lake surrounded by grass\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (English): Lorraine Leese, former dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Our dream is finished. We now say the soil and the farm has been very good to us, and we feel as though we're squatting, in comparison to what we used to do. We just feel like we're here, and I suppose it's a strange feeling.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Wide of landscape and grassy former lake\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide of Lorraine and Joe Leese looking out over former dairy farm\u003cbr/\u003e15. Close of Lorraine and Joe Leese\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eAdelaide, South Australia, 31 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE (English): Karlene Maywald, South Australian Minister for the River Murray:\u003cbr/\u003e\"You know it's an interesting situation in Australia. We've been arguing over the Murray-Darling basin for over a hundred years, and in actual fact the decision to federate our nation was held up by the argument as to who should manage water of the Murray-Darling basin. And South Australia strongly supported back then, that the Federal Government should take the lead role in that. The other states upstream of course argued that they should retain ownership of the water. They won then and we're gradually pegging that back. A hundred years later we're now seeing the Federal Government more involved in the management of the Murray-Darling basin.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Cutaway of Maywald reading papers at desk\u003cbr/\u003e18. SOUNDBITE (English): Karlene Maywald, South Australian Minister for the River Murray:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The competing needs are all as worthy as each other, there's simply just not enough water to go around. And as a government we need to try and balance the application of the water to ensure that we can minimise the long-term impact on both the environment but also on the communities that are most affected, and it's not an easy thing to do. There's just simply not enough water to go around.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung, South Australia, 30 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e19. Wide of cows at Fischer family's dairy farm\u003cbr/\u003e20. Wide of landscape overlooking lake\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE (English): Lesley Fischer, dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's really demoralising for people who�their business, their livelihood is just falling apart. And not through any fault of their own.\"\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mid of Fischer looking through photo album\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of photo showing grassy regeneration of dry lakebed\u003cbr/\u003e24. Tilt down across photos showing effects of drought in lake\u003cbr/\u003e25. SOUNDBITE (English): Lesley Fischer, dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Because we're at the end of the system, we utilised all the water that came down the river that everybody else had used. It had been through a dozen stomachs before it got to us, and it was the worst quality water in the whole system. And yet here, we were still producing the best quality milk in Australia, in the top ten per cent. 700 cows in the top ten per cent, now that's not bad going.\"\u003cbr/\u003e26. Pan across cows outside milking shed\u003cbr/\u003e27. Wide of Lesley Fischer and son Brad Fischer operating milking equipment\u003cbr/\u003e28. SOUNDBITE (English): Lesley Fischer, dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It has affected our rural community, our schools, your employment goes, they've got children, then that impacts on the school, your hospital, the whole community.\"\u003cbr/\u003e29. Wide of Brad Fischer operating milking equipment\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close of Lesley Fischer operating milking equipment\u003cbr/\u003e31. Various of cows moving round on milking machine\u003cbr/\u003e32. SOUNDBITE (English): Lesley Fischer, dairy farmer:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It was an insignificant part of South Australia but as far as the milk companies were concerned, they believed this area was the jewel in the crown for milk production. And it's gone. And hopefully we can start building it up again in our own business, and the others that have remained will do the same.\"\u003cbr/\u003e33. Mid of cows outside milking shed\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eAdelaide, South Australia, 31 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (English): Karlene Maywald, South Australian Minister for the River Murray:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We have to have communities that are more adaptable, that are more able to deal with a future where we might get more frequent dry periods. Climate change is upon us, we know that, and we have to be realistic in that and we have to assist in whatever way we can to enable our communities to be more adaptable for a future with less water.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung, South Australia, 30 August 2009\u003cbr/\u003e35. Pull out from cows on Fischer farm to wide of landscape\u003cbr/\u003eThe Murray Darling Basin spans 14 per cent of Australia, and produces a third of the country's food supply.\u003cbr/\u003eBut farmers in the downstream state of South Australia are struggling to keep their businesses running through the recent drought.\u003cbr/\u003eWhile some have been forced to sell or relocate their properties due to the lack of water for crops and livestock, others have been adapting their farms to try to cope with the new environmental landscape.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Murray Darling Basin is the country's most important water source.\u003cbr/\u003eBut decades of over-allocation of the Murray River's water in upstream states, coupled with the recent drought, has left parts of the system in downstream South Australia almost dry.\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung in the Lower Lakes, 140 kilometres (90 miles) southeast of Adelaide, is one of Australia's key dairy farming regions.\u003cbr/\u003eProducers here used to supply more than 50% of Adelaide's milk  - a city with a population of 1.1 million - and regularly won awards for its quality.\u003cbr/\u003eNarrung lies on the shores of a complex network of rivers, lakes and the sea.\u003cbr/\u003eThe water used by farmers here was a mixture of saltwater from lakes and the sea, combined with freshwater from the Murray River.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the overuse of the river's resources compounded by a drought over the last decade, meant there wasn't enough freshwater to dilute the system.\u003cbr/\u003eThe water shortage forced dozens of dairy farmers, like Lorraine and Joe Leese, to feed their prize-winning cattle increasingly salty water.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says the high levels of salinity were making the cows ill with digestive problems, and two years ago the Leeses decided it was no longer viable to run dairy cattle on the family farm they'd built up over three decades.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Leeses were forced to relocate their cows to a new property managed by their son, Michael, in Kongorong, 300 kilometres (186 miles) south of Narrung.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It was breaking our hearts to see the dairy cows not being fed correctly, not having water. And the water was the main thing. We could not source quality water - the salinity was so high.\"\u003cbr/\u003eKarlene Maywald is the Minister for the River Murray in South Australia's state government.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says the drought South Australia currently faces is the worst since records began.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We're used to droughts and flooding rains, and at the moment mother nature is throwing to us one of the worst droughts ever seen. In fact it is the most extreme drought that we've seen since we've been taking records for 117 years.\"\u003cbr/\u003eUntil the 1980s, the management of the Murray Darling Basin was largely left to separate state governments, each focussed on protecting their own water needs.\u003cbr/\u003eMaywald says her state has been battling for its fair share of the Murray Darling Basin's water for more than a century.\u003cbr/\u003e\"You know it's an interesting situation in Australia. We've been arguing over the Murray-Darling basin for over a hundred years, and in actual fact the decision to federate our nation was held up by the argument as to who should manage water of the Murray-Darling basin. And South Australia strongly supported back then, that the Federal Government should take the lead role in that. The other states upstream of course argued that they should retain ownership of the water. They won then and we're gradually pegging that back. A hundred years later we're now seeing the Federal Government more involved in the management of the Murray-Darling basin.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn December 2008, the newly-formed national Murray Darling Basin Authority took charge of the system, its resources, and water allocation.\u003cbr/\u003eAlthough South Australia's prospects now look better under the federal management of the basin, there remains much higher demand for water from agricultural, human and environmental needs than the resources available.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The competing needs are all as worthy as each other, there's simply just not enough water to go around. And as a government we need to try and balance the application of the water to ensure that we can minimise the long-term impact on both the environment but also on the communities that are most affected, and it's not an easy thing to do. There's just simply not enough water to go around,\" explains Maywald. \u003cbr/\u003eThe nationwide body will help promote the interests of downstream South Australia in the long-term. \u003cbr/\u003eFor many farmers like the Leeses, the drought's damage has already been done, but others in Narrung have found a way to continue farming, despite the water shortages.\u003cbr/\u003eLesley Fischer has been involved in dairying in Narrung for more than 30 years.\u003cbr/\u003eShe and her family used to run 700 cows on their property.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says it was tough for dairy farmers to see their businesses collapsing due to the lack of water, when they were powerless to intervene.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's really demoralising for people who�their business, their livelihood is just falling apart. And not through any fault of their own.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFischer has been documenting the changing water levels and environmental situation in Narrung over the last three years.\u003cbr/\u003eHer photos show how dry lakes have regenerated as grassy fields, and how once thriving wetlands became barren.\u003cbr/\u003eBut Narrung's dairy farmers were no strangers to overcoming water problems, even before the recent drought.\u003cbr/\u003eFischer explains that due to their location at the bottom of the Murray-Darling river system, they had to make do with poor quality water that had been recycled several times.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Because we're at the end of the system, we utilised all the water that came down the river that everybody else had used. It had been through a dozen stomachs before it got to us, and it was the worst quality water in the whole system. And yet here, we were still producing the best quality milk in Australia, in the top ten per cent. 700 cows in the top ten per cent, now that's not bad going.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2007 the Fischers were forced to sell almost their entire herd, as the rising water salinity made it impossible for use in producing quality milk.\u003cbr/\u003eFischer says the drought and subsequent decline in the dairy farming industry in Narrung has been devastating for the town.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It has affected our rural community, our schools, your employment goes, they've got children, then that impacts on the school, your hospital, the whole community.\"\u003cbr/\u003eReluctant to completely abandon their dairy farm, they kept around 180 calves in the hope that the water situation would improve.\u003cbr/\u003eIn 2008, the South Australian state government built an irrigation pipeline to bring more freshwater to Narrung, and two months, ago the Fischers were finally able to resume milk production from the calves they kept, thanks to the new water supply.\u003cbr/\u003eLesley Fischer is hoping that she and the other dairy farmers who've managed to keep operating in spite of the drought will be able to return Narrung's milk industry to something of its former glory.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It was an insignificant part of South Australia but as far as the milk companies were concerned, they believed this area was the jewel in the crown for milk production. And it's gone. And hopefully we can start building it up again in our own business, and the others that have remained will do the same.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAdaptability proved the key to survival for the Fischers' milking business in the face of water shortages.\u003cbr/\u003eAnd Maywald insists more Australians will have to come to terms with new ways of dealing with drought.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We have to have communities that are more adaptable, that are more able to deal with a future where we might get more frequent dry periods. Climate change is upon us, we know that, and we have to be realistic in that and we have to assist in whatever way we can to enable our communities to be more adaptable for a future with less water.\"\u003cbr/\u003eBut for many farmers, water shortages remain a serious threat.\u003cbr/\u003eIn South Australia, irrigators are currently only permitted to extract 16 per cent of their original water entitlement from the Murray River, as levels in the system are so low.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' 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deal, school, affected, beverage and tobacco products manufacturing, cattle farming, feel, adaptable, weather conditions, natural resource management, livestock farming, future\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='keyterms-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='educator-ratings-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title sr-only' id='educator-ratings-heading'\u003eEducator 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