{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Ancient Aboriginal remedies tested for modern medicine' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bbf2d8eafeecae128f42' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bbf2d8eafeecae128f42' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nAncient Aboriginal remedies tested for modern medicine\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eAP TelevisionYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 20101. Wide of plants and trees overlooking coastline2. Wide of trees3. Various of Macquarie University PhD researcher Joanne Packer and Yaegl Aboriginal elder Ron Heron looking for plants...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Wide of plants and trees overlooking coastline\u003cbr/\u003e2. Wide of trees\u003cbr/\u003e3. Various of Macquarie University PhD researcher Joanne Packer and Yaegl Aboriginal elder Ron Heron looking for plants used for bush medicines\u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of Packer recording plant sample\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of Packer interviewing Heron about plants used for bush medicines\u003cbr/\u003e6. Close of Packer taking notes\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE (English): Ron Heron, Yaegl Aboriginal elder:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Probably the leaves from these paperbark trees, we get the eucalyptus flavour out of it, they're very nice for colds and that.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of trees next to river\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eSydney - 27 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e9. Various of Packer testing bush medicine plant samples in lab\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide of Macquarie University Associate Professor of Microbiology Subramanyam Velmupad talking to Associate Professor Joanne Jamie\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English): Subramanyam Velmupad, Macquarie University Associate Professor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"The very classic thing is the treatment for malaria. For many years it is the bark of the cinchona tree and the quinine is obtained from that. So there are plenty of examples of traditional medicine having helped formulating modern medicines.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eMaclean, New South Wales - 19 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e12. Mid of Packer talking to Yaegl Aboriginal elder and local artist Carmel Charlton\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of Charlton showing Packer one of her paintings\u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of Charlton helping Packer collect bush medicine plant samples\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English): Carmel Charlton, Yaegl Aboriginal elder:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Yeah the arthritis plant too that's another one, that grows wild too everywhere. And anyone who's got arthritis, well Mum was telling me, you wash that and eat that. And if you don't like to eat it like that, you could cut it up you know, have it with lettuce, but they used to cut it up and chew on it.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e16. Close of sarsaparilla plant\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News \u003cbr/\u003eMaclean, New South Wales - 19 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e17. SOUNDBITE (English): Rosie Vesper, Yaegl Aboriginal elder:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It grows as a vine on the beach and then when the leaf is brown, we pick it and we eat it. You can also eat it with salt, and it's supposed to be good for your blood.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e18. Wide of Packer and Heron walking into bushes looking for plants\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close of Heron pointing out plant\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News \u003cbr/\u003eSydney - 27 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE (English): Joanne Packer, Macquarie University PhD researcher:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We've had mixed results, so there's been some plants that we've tested that look as if they've got quite good activity, others that haven't performed so well with the tests that we've done so far. But the thing is with a lot of these treatments they're quite holistic, so for a wound treatment it won't only be antibacterial necessarily, it could be anti-inflammatory, and I guess debriding, or have other properties that we haven't tested for yet.\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Wide of Packer in lab testing plants\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e22. SOUNDBITE (English): Ron Heron, Yaegl Aboriginal elder: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is special in a way, because when we get diseases or sicknesses, a lot of the research is done overseas, you know, in Brazil and Africa and things like that. Whereas we've got our own backyard here, see, and a lot of stuff happens here and could be done here.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television \u003cbr/\u003eSydney - 27 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close of Packer transferring plant samples using pipettes \u003cbr/\u003e24. SOUNDBITE (English): Joanne Packer, Macquarie University PhD researcher::\u003cbr/\u003e\"If a plant appears to have particularly good activity then there's the chance also to, I guess, take that further and see whether we can isolate the compounds and then take it to the next level, potentially providing the key for new families of treatments.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid of Heron explaining to Packer about bush medicine plants\u003cbr/\u003e26. SOUNDBITE (English): Ron Heron, Yaegl Aboriginal elder:\u003cbr/\u003e\"A lot of our younger ones now are ending up marrying non-Aboriginal people, you know, and they're losing a lot of their cultural stuff.\"\u003cbr/\u003eMaclean High School \u003cbr/\u003eMaclean, New South Wales - Recent 2010\u003cbr/\u003e27. STILL of Vesper guiding school field trip to learn about Aboriginal culture and bush medicines\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News \u003cbr/\u003eMaclean, New South Wales - 19 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e28. Tilt down from Maclean High School Deputy Principal Rhonda Pitson talking to Heron and Vesper about Aboriginal culture school projects\u003cbr/\u003e29. SOUNDBITE (English): Jordan Walker, Maclean High School Vice Captain:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We found a few plants out at Wooloweyah (Lake) that help with mosquito bites or insect bites, so that came in handy for me.\"\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close of Vesper holding school project about Aboriginal culture\u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE (English): Rosie Vesper, Yaegl Aboriginal elder:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I reckon this will be good. Put it in a booklet, put it in a DVD or video and it'll be good because it lives on forever, and that's what I want. I want us to live on forever, keep it alive for our kids, for our next generation, next generation, for the future.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television News \u003cbr/\u003eSydney - 27 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e32. Wide of Macquarie University PhD researcher Meya Kichu in lab testing traditional remedies from his native Nagaland in India\u003cbr/\u003e33. SOUNDBITE (English): Meya Kichu, Macquarie University PhD researcher:\u003cbr/\u003e\"They use so many medicinal plants for their daily activities, and for this project, since we are well equipped with analysing the anti-microbial activities of these plants, I decided to work on the anti-microbial activities by using their knowledge.\"\u003cbr/\u003e34. SOUNDBITE (English): Joanne Packer, Macquarie University PhD researcher::\u003cbr/\u003e\"There's a lot of work being done at the moment in the development of new anti-bacterials to combat this problem, but I think it's important not to gloss over the information already held by societies around the world. And treatments that are already widely in use that are perhaps glossed over by western society today, they could hold the key, or at least a clue, to these new families of antibiotics that are needed.\"\u003cbr/\u003e35. Wide of Packer and Kichu testing plants in lab\u003cbr/\u003e36. SOUNDBITE (English): Subramanyam Velmupad, Macquarie University Associate Professor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Obviously our forefathers have tried these, and by trial and error they have eliminated the ones that are likely to be harmful, and have honed in on those that are likely to be more helpful. So by tapping into that knowledge, we're actually tapping into the information that has been processed and refined through several hundreds of thousands of years of human evolution.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAP Television\u003cbr/\u003eYamba, New South Wales - 20 May 2010\u003cbr/\u003e37. Pan across plants overlooking coastline\u003cbr/\u003eUniversity researchers and Aboriginal elders in Australia are working together to test whether ancient bush remedies can be of use in modern day medicine.\u003cbr/\u003eNative Australian plants are being documented and pharmacologically tested so that the ways of the elders aren't lost forever.\u003cbr/\u003eFor generations the Yaegl Aboriginal people from Yamba and Maclean in northern New South Wales, 670 kilometres (416 miles) north of Sydney, have been using readily available native Australian plants as traditional medicinal cures.\u003cbr/\u003eThe practice is common among indigenous groups across Australia, but the Yaegl elders have decided to share their knowledge beyond their own community.\u003cbr/\u003eThey're taking part in a research project with scientists from Sydney's Macquarie University, who are collecting, identifying, testing and documenting the plants used as traditional bush medicines.\u003cbr/\u003eYaegl Aboriginal elder Ron Heron has been one of the key figures in the collaboration.\u003cbr/\u003eAs the author of a thesis on bush medicines and bush foods at the Australian National University in Canberra, Heron is well placed to advise the researchers on the use of native Australian plants for medicinal purposes.\u003cbr/\u003eHe's been helping Macquarie University PhD researcher Joanne Packer to find and collect plant samples which are then taken back to Sydney, to see how they respond to traditional lab tests of the healing properties relied upon by the Yaegl people for thousands of years.\u003cbr/\u003eMedicinal plants are traditionally used as anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory treatments.\u003cbr/\u003eLeaves are made into decoctions and used as skin washes and anti-septic treatments, while plants are often ground up with rocks and then heated and applied to wounds.\u003cbr/\u003eHeron says using paperbark leaves as a treatment for colds is one of the most popular remedies.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We get the eucalyptus flavour out of it, they're very nice for colds and that.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAfter the plants have been collected and recorded, they undergo two sets of testing at Macquarie University.\u003cbr/\u003eThe samples are prepared in the traditional way, as instructed by the elders and replicated in the lab.\u003cbr/\u003eThey are also tested using crude ethanol to extract all of the plant material, to see if that produces stronger activity than is seen using traditional preparation methods.\u003cbr/\u003eAround 80 per cent of plant-based medicines have been developed using reference to indigenous medicines, according to the team at Macquarie University.\u003cbr/\u003eThose that have come from Australian plants include Butylscopolamine (used to treat abdominal cramps) and Sedacalm (a herbal remedy to relieve stress).\u003cbr/\u003eMacquarie University Associate Professor of Microbiology Subramanyam Velmupad is an expert in infectious diseases.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says there are many examples of traditional medicines being drawn upon to create modern treatments, including the use of quinine for malaria.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The very classic thing is the treatment for malaria. For many years it is the bark of the cinchona tree and the quinine is obtained from that. So there are plenty of examples of traditional medicine having helped formulating modern medicines.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAnother of the Yaegl elders helping with the research is Aboriginal artist Carmel Charlton.\u003cbr/\u003eHer paintings tell traditional stories from the Northern New South Wales region, and her garden contains several plants used as bush remedies.\u003cbr/\u003eShe says one of the treatments she was taught about growing up was a plant used by sufferers of arthritis.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Yeah the arthritis plant too that's another one, that grows wild too everywhere. And anyone who's got arthritis, well Mum was telling me, you wash that and eat that. And if you don't like to eat it like that, you could cut it up you know, have it with lettuce, but they used to cut it up and chew on it.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFellow elder Rosie Vesper has also been sharing her knowledge with the researchers.\u003cbr/\u003eShe recalls being taught about the benefits of the sarsaparilla plant, which grows near Australian beaches.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It grows as a vine on the beach and then when the leaf is brown, we pick it and we eat it. You can also eat it with salt, and it's supposed to be good for your blood,\" she says.  \u003cbr/\u003eThe researchers are aware that sometimes bush medicines are working in complicated combinations with other remedies, so a negative result in the lab doesn't necessarily mean a plant doesn't have positive medicinal properties in a person.\u003cbr/\u003ePacker says that results so far have been varied, but that many plants have performed well in the tests.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We've had mixed results, so there's been some plants that we've tested that look as if they've got quite good activity, others that haven't performed so well with the tests that we've done so far. But the thing is with a lot of these treatments they're quite holistic, so for a wound treatment it won't only be antibacterial necessarily, it could be anti-inflammatory, and I guess debriding, or have other properties that we haven't tested for yet.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHeron says the elders feel honoured that their traditional knowledge is finally being tested and documented, when past research has often taken place abroad, with Australian remedies being overlooked.\u003cbr/\u003e\"It is special in a way, because when we get diseases or sicknesses, a lot of the research is done overseas, you know, in Brazil and Africa and things like that. Whereas we've got our own backyard here, see, and a lot of stuff happens here and could be done here.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe main objective of the project is to record and validate the plants' uses, but if a species has signs of particularly good activity, the researchers are planning to investigate further, says Packer.\u003cbr/\u003eIn return for sharing their traditional knowledge, the elders were asked whether there was anything they would like assistance with.\u003cbr/\u003eTheir main concern was the need to educate younger generations about Aboriginal culture and traditional remedies.\u003cbr/\u003eIndigenous people are increasingly moving into towns with less access to plants and bush foods, and Heron says that many young people are losing their cultural knowledge.\u003cbr/\u003e\"A lot of our younger ones now are ending up marrying non-Aboriginal people, you know, and they're losing a lot of their cultural stuff.\"\u003cbr/\u003eIn response, Macquarie University has facilitated a programme of field trips at Maclean High School, with elders like Vesper and Charlton teaching students about bush medicines, bush foods, and local sites of traditional importance.\u003cbr/\u003eThe school's Vice Captain Jordan Walker says that even in this age of modern medicine, some traditional remedies are still useful.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We found a few plants out at Wooloweyah (Lake) that help with mosquito bites or insect bites, so that came in handy for me.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe programme has also seen the elders' knowledge of bush medicines documented in a booklet.\u003cbr/\u003eVesper says she's glad to know the information has now been safely recorded for use by future generations.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I reckon this will be good. Put it in a booklet, put it in a DVD or video and it'll be good because it lives on forever, and that's what I want. I want us to live on forever, keep it alive for our kids, for our next generation, next generation, for the future.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe project, which was initially set up to test Australian traditional remedies, has also attracted the attention of scientists from overseas.\u003cbr/\u003ePhD researcher Meya Kichu came to Macquarie University from his native Nagaland in north east India.\u003cbr/\u003eHe's using the facilities here to test traditional bush medicines from the village of Chungtia in his homeland.\u003cbr/\u003e\"They use so many medicinal plants for their daily activities, and for this project, since we are well equipped with analysing the anti-microbial activities of these plants, I decided to work on the anti-microbial activities by using their knowledge,\" he says. \u003cbr/\u003eSome of the Australian plants being tested are featured in traditional medicines from other countries, suggesting that they have been discovered independently and used for similar purposes, according to the researchers.\u003cbr/\u003ePacker says that in an age where hospital superbugs are driving the need for new anti-bacterial treatments, traditional medicinal knowledge held by communities worldwide could be crucial in finding new drugs.\u003cbr/\u003e\"There's a lot of work being done at the moment in the development of new anti-bacterials to combat this problem, but I think it's important not to gloss over the information already held by societies around the world. And treatments that are already widely in use that are perhaps glossed over by western society today, they could hold the key, or at least a clue, to these new families of antibiotics that are needed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eVelmupad says it makes perfect sense for modern scientists to work with information about traditional remedies that have been developed and refined over thousands of years.\u003cbr/\u003e\"Obviously our forefathers have tried these, and by trial and error they have eliminated the ones that are likely to be harmful, and have honed in on those that are likely to be more helpful. So by tapping into that knowledge, we're actually tapping into the information that has been processed and refined through several hundreds of thousands of years of human evolution.\"\u003cbr/\u003eAlthough the researchers acknowledge that the placebo effect can often play a role in traditional holistic treatments, they believe lab results have shown a measurable amount of medicinal effect in many of the remedies tested.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' 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class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003eeducation, microbiology, work, plants, malaria, birds, animals, families, india, blood, years, higher education, south asia, australia, business, asia\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='additional-tags-heading'\u003eAdditional Tags\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list keyterms' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='keyterms'\u003etreatment, health care industry, coastlines and beaches, australia and oceania, environment and nature, people, industries, information, arthritis, live, diseases and conditions, brown, anti, graduate education, biology, good activity, thing, bark, medication, diagnosis and treatment, pharmaceutical manufacturing, social affairs, plant, 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