{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Reporter jailed for refusing to reveal sources' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb7ad8eafeecae1255a2' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb7ad8eafeecae1255a2' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nReporter jailed for refusing to reveal sources\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003e1. Time Magazine correspondent Matthew Cooper and his wife walking to courthouse2. New York Times reporter Judith Miller and lawyers walking in to federal courthouse3. Exteriors of the federal courthouse4. Protesters chanting \"Protect...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003e1. Time Magazine correspondent Matthew Cooper and his wife walking to courthouse\u003cbr/\u003e2. New York Times reporter Judith Miller and lawyers walking in to federal courthouse\u003cbr/\u003e3. Exteriors of the federal courthouse\u003cbr/\u003e4. Protesters chanting \"Protect the First Amendment, Free Speech we want it now.\"\u003cbr/\u003e5. Kurt Wimmer, media lawyer at Covington Burling speaking at rally\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English) Kurt Wimmer, media lawyer at Covington Burling:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Well, really, the fundamental issue is whether the public will continue to have access to the kinds of information that reporters can obtain only with confidential sources. The concern here is that our ability to keep our source's confidentiality and promises has been eroded by recent court decisions.\"\u003cbr/\u003e7. Protesters holding signs outside courthouse\u003cbr/\u003e8. Wide of post-hearing news conference\u003cbr/\u003e9. New York Times Executive Editor Bill Keller and First Amendment attorney Floyd Abrams at podium\u003cbr/\u003e10. Cameras\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE (English) Bill Keller, New York Times Executive Editor:\u003cbr/\u003e\"I think that anybody who believes that government and other powerful institutions need to be closely and aggressively watched should feel a chill up their spine today.\"\u003cbr/\u003e12. Reporters\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE (English) Floyd Abrams, First Amendment attorney:\u003cbr/\u003e\"Judy Miller today joins a long train of journalists throughout our history who have insisted on protecting the confidentiality of their sources.\"\u003cbr/\u003e14. Matthew Cooper exiting courthouse\u003cbr/\u003e15. Cooper stepping up to the podium\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE (English) Matthew Cooper, Time Magazine correspondent: \u003cbr/\u003e\"It is a sad time when two journalists who were simply doing their jobs and trying to keep confidences and report important stories face the prospect of going to prison for keeping those confidences.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. Reporters\u003cbr/\u003e18. Cooper at podium\u003cbr/\u003eA US judge sent New York Times reporter Judith Miller to jail on Wednesday for refusing to divulge her source in the investigation of the leak of an undercover CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) officer's name.\u003cbr/\u003eThe high profile case was seen as a key test of press freedom in the United States. \u003cbr/\u003eIt evolved from questions about whether US President George W. Bush's government misrepresented pre-war intelligence on Iraq's weapons capabilities.\u003cbr/\u003eBefore Miller was sentenced, Time magazine reporter Matthew Cooper, in an about-face, told US District Judge Thomas Hogan that he would now cooperate with a federal prosecutor's investigation into the leak of the identity of CIA officer Valerie Plame because his source gave him specific authority to discuss their conversation. \u003cbr/\u003eIn sentencing Miller, Hogan said: \"There is still a realistic possibility that confinement might cause her to testify.\"\u003cbr/\u003eMiller stood up, hugged her lawyer and was escorted from the courtroom.\u003cbr/\u003eThe hearings sparked an outcry of protests outside the courthouse by other reporters calling for federal legislation to protect them from investigation.\u003cbr/\u003eKurt Wimmer, a lobbyist at Covington Burling representing many major media outlets, said the case was a fundamental threat to freedom of the press in America. \u003cbr/\u003eUnless she decides to talk, Miller will be held until the grand jury investigating the leak ends its work in October. \u003cbr/\u003eThe judge speculated that Miller's confinement might cause her source to give her a more specific waiver of confidentiality, as did Cooper's.\u003cbr/\u003eThe prosecutor, US Attorney Patrick Fitzgerald, is investigating who in the Bush administration leaked Plame's identity. \u003cbr/\u003eHer name was disclosed in a column by Robert Novak days after her husband, former Ambassador Joseph Wilson, impugned part of Bush's justification for invading Iraq.\u003cbr/\u003eWilson was sent to Africa by the Bush administration to investigate an intelligence claim that Saddam Hussein may have purchased yellowcake uranium from Niger in the late 1990s for use in nuclear weapons. \u003cbr/\u003eWilson said he could not verify the claim and criticised the administration for manipulating the intelligence to \"exaggerate the Iraqi threat.\"\u003cbr/\u003eNovak, whose column cited as sources two unidentified senior Bush administration officials, has refused to say whether he has testified before the grand jury or been subpoenaed.\u003cbr/\u003eDisclosure of an undercover intelligence officer's identity can be a federal crime if prosecutors can show the leak was intentional and the person who released that information knew of the officer's secret status.\u003cbr/\u003eCooper spoke to White House deputy chief of staff Karl Rove after Wilson's public criticism of Bush and before Novak's column ran, according to Rove's lawyer, Robert Luskin, who denies that Rove leaked Plame's identity to anyone. \u003cbr/\u003eCooper's story mentioning Plame's name appeared after Novak's column.\u003cbr/\u003eMiller did some reporting, but never wrote a story.\u003cbr/\u003eNew York Times executive editor Bill Keller said Miller's incarceration sent a chilling message to whistleblowers and reporters.\u003cbr/\u003ePrior to the hearing, Miller argued that it was imperative for reporters to honour their commitments to provide cover to sources who will only reveal important information if they are assured anonymity. \u003cbr/\u003eForcing reporters to renege on the pledge undercuts their ability to do their job, she said.\u003cbr/\u003eFitzgerald had responded in court to Miller's refusal to name her source by saying \"we can't have 50,000 journalists\" each making their own decision about whether to reveal sources.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We cannot tolerate that,\" he said. \"We are trying to get to the bottom of whether a crime was committed and by whom.\"\u003cbr/\u003eWhen Cooper took to the podium in the court. he told the judge, \"Last night I hugged my son goodbye and told him it might be a long time before I see him again.\"\u003cbr/\u003e\"I went to bed ready to accept the sanctions\" for not testifying, Cooper said. \u003cbr/\u003eBut he told the judge that not long before his early afternoon appearance, he had received \"in somewhat dramatic fashion\", a direct personal communication from his source freeing him from his commitment to keep the source's identity secret.\u003cbr/\u003eTalking to reporters after the hearing, Cooper said it was \"a sad time.\"\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator 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