{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Research suggests AIDS virus entered US via Haiti' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb79d8eafeecae1254e3' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb79d8eafeecae1254e3' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nResearch suggests AIDS virus entered US via Haiti\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 20051. Street in Port au Prince2. People walking, street vendorsTucson, US - 30 October 20073. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e1. Street in Port au Prince\u003cbr/\u003e2. People walking, street vendors\u003cbr/\u003eTucson, US - 30 October 2007\u003cbr/\u003e3. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) in the US:\u003cbr/\u003e\"What we've done is shed some light on how HIV emerged out of Africa where we think it came from. And we put some time estimates on when those events occurred, which help us understand the pace and geographic nature of the spread of one of the most important human pandemics.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e4. Exterior of FOSREF (French Acronym for the 'Foundation for Reproductive Health and Family Education') Centre, school girls running inside\u003cbr/\u003e5. FOSREF HIV educator lecturing young people\u003cbr/\u003eTucson, US - 30 October 2007\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV in the US:\u003cbr/\u003e\"We recovered HIV gene sequences from five of these early cases from Haitian immigrants in Miami, and these were dated to the early 1980s and so these were early time points and with those we then added more than a hundred related strains from the US, Haiti, many, many countries around the world and then inferred the family tree of these viruses, the evolutionary tree, which allows us to estimate when important turning points in the spread of the virus occurred and where the virus was first.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e7. Various of nurse taking blood \u003cbr/\u003eTucson, US - 30 October 2007\u003cbr/\u003e8. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV in the US:\u003cbr/\u003e\" What we saw was a very clear signal that the virus was most likely in Haiti first, and then the epidemic in the US and many countries around the world funnels back to a single common ancestor.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e9. Blood sample being placed in tray\u003cbr/\u003eTucson, US - 30 October 2007\u003cbr/\u003e10. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV in the US:\u003cbr/\u003e\"If you think about it, it's not actually that surprising just because we know the virus takes, on average, eight to ten years to cause symptoms. The fact that there was a time span of about 12 years, we are estimating between the entry of the virus and the discovery of AIDS cases, is, in retrospect, not that surprising.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e11. Pharmacist asking patient questions\u003cbr/\u003e12. Anti-retroviral pills being counted on Pan American Health Organisation tray\u003cbr/\u003eTucson, US - 30 October 2007\u003cbr/\u003e13. SOUNDBITE (English) Michael Worobey, Co-author of study on origins of HIV in the US:\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's also something that has some implications for future vaccine design. The way the virus spreads around the world, leaves its imprint in the genetic variation of the virus, which is the main challenge to vaccine design.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE: Port-au-Prince, Haiti - 01 December 2005\u003cbr/\u003e14. Patients in GHESKIO (French Acronym for the Haitian Institute of Infectious Diseases and Reproductive Health) waiting room\u003cbr/\u003e15. GHESKIO nurses filling out forms \u003cbr/\u003eA new study suggests that the AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) virus entered the United States via Haiti, as early as 1969, probably brought in by one person.\u003cbr/\u003eMichael Worobey of the University of Arizona, on Tuesday explained the importance of the study, \"The emergence of HIV/AIDS in the Americas and beyond,\" which he co-wrote.\u003cbr/\u003e\"What we've done is shed some light on how HIV emerged out of Africa where we think it came from,\" Worobey said, saying Haiti was the stepping stone.\u003cbr/\u003e\"And we put some time estimates on when those events occurred, which help us understand the pace and geographic nature of the spread of one of the most important human pandemics.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe evolutionary biologist said the research indicated that the virus arrived in the US in or around 1969, which was consistent with the discovery of early AIDS cases in the early 1980s, given the nature of the virus.\u003cbr/\u003e\"We know the virus takes, on average, eight to 10 years to cause symptoms. The fact that there was a time span of about 12 years, we are estimating between the entry of the virus and the discovery of AIDS cases, is, in retrospect, not that surprising,\" said Worobey.\u003cbr/\u003eHe explained how his team recovered HIV gene sequences from archived blood samples from five early AIDS cases, Haitian immigrants in Miami, in the early 1980s and compared them with other related strains from HIV positive cases worldwide.\u003cbr/\u003eThis helped he said to infer the \"family tree of these viruses\", and allowed him and his colleagues to estimate important turning points in the spread of the virus and its origin.\u003cbr/\u003e\"What we saw was a very clear signal that the virus was most likely in Haiti first, and then the epidemic in the US and many countries around the earth funnels back to a single common ancestor,\" Worobey said.\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to the scientist, the strain that migrated to the US in 1969, HIV-1 group M subtype B, is the dominant strain of the AIDS virus in most countries outside sub-Saharan Africa. \u003cbr/\u003eWorobey maintains most viruses in those countries descended from the strain that emerged from Haiti.\u003cbr/\u003eThe study will have a great implication on designing vaccines to combat the disease, he said.\u003cbr/\u003e\"The way the virus spreads around the world, leaves its imprint in the genetic variation of the virus, which is the main challenge to vaccine design,\" said Worobey.\u003cbr/\u003eWorobey's co-authors are M. Thomas P. Gilbert of the University of Copenhagen in Denmark; Andrew Rambaut of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland; Gabriela Wlasiuk of the UA; Thomas J. Spira of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, Georgia; and Arthur E. Pitchenik of the University of Miami in Florida. \u003cbr/\u003eWorobey intends to follow the trail of HIV even further into the past by accessing older samples.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out 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