{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='SOUTH AFRICA: P.W. BOTHA ACCUSED OF 1987 TRADE UNION OFFICE BOMBING' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb57d8eafeecae1245a0' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bb57d8eafeecae1245a0' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nSOUTH AFRICA: P.W. BOTHA ACCUSED OF 1987 TRADE UNION OFFICE BOMBING\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eEnglish/NatA former South African police commander convicted of apartheid era murders has  accused former President P.W. Botha of ordering the 1987 bombing of trade union  offices in Johannesburg.Eugene de Kock - dubbed 'Prime Evil' by...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eEnglish/Nat\u003cbr/\u003eA former South African police commander convicted of apartheid era murders has  accused former President P.W. Botha of ordering the 1987 bombing of trade union  offices in Johannesburg.\u003cbr/\u003eEugene de Kock - dubbed 'Prime Evil' by his colleagues - also told a Pretoria judge he'd  provided weapons for the Inkatha Freedom Party, the A-N-C's rivals.\u003cbr/\u003eHis testimony contradicts earlier statements by the former ruling National Party, which  claimed such crimes were not officially sanctioned.\u003cbr/\u003eThe highest ranking officer convicted of apartheid crimes was found guilty last month of  89 charges - including six murders - committed in the 1980s and 90s.\u003cbr/\u003eAs South Africa struggles to come to terms with its violent past, attention is now  focused on this courtroom in Pretoria.\u003cbr/\u003eHere a former police commander is testifying about his role during the country's  apartheid era.\u003cbr/\u003eEugene de Kock told the court that top officials - including former President P.W. Botha  - knew about and ordered attacks on black activists.\u003cbr/\u003eThe 48-year-old former police - dubbed \"Prime Evil\" by his colleagues - is the highest- ranking officer convicted so far of crimes committed during the apartheid era. \u003cbr/\u003eDe Kock began his testimony Monday - the first time he's taken the witness stand  throughout his 18 month trial.\u003cbr/\u003eLast month, De Kock was convicted on 89 charges, including six murders, committed  in Lesotho and Swaziland - two independent countries within South Africa.\u003cbr/\u003eBy admitting his role in various raids and killings of anti-apartheid activists, de Kock is  looking to obtain an amnesty from South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission.\u003cbr/\u003eThe Commission has the power to grant amnesties to those who confess of crimes  committed during the apartheid regime as long as they can prove their actions were  politically motivated.\u003cbr/\u003eAmnesty is the price South Africa seems prepared to pay to hear the truth about the  violence of the apartheid era.\u003cbr/\u003eBut some South Africans believe the amnesty for truth policy is too lenient.\u003cbr/\u003e\"I mean, they must feel it as we've been feeling what he has done to our black people -  not only black people, to each and everybody.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: William Zwane, South African\u003cbr/\u003e\"It's easy for us to say he was wrong - all the stuff he did - but at that stage a few years  ago South Africa was different and they might have thought it was right.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Christine Bredenkamp, South African\u003cbr/\u003eOne of those in court was the mother of black lawyer Bheki Mlangeni, whom de Kock  was convicted of having murdered.\u003cbr/\u003eThe former police commander mailed a bomb in a Walkman addressed to former  colleague Dirk Coetzee, who forwarded it to the lawyer.\u003cbr/\u003eThe director of the Institute for Defence Policy said it was inconceivable the head of  state would not have sanctioned attacks on neighbouring countries such as Swaziland,  Lesotho and Botswana.\u003cbr/\u003e\"There is no knowledge, according to my research at any stage, that cross border  operations were ever conducted other than on the express authority of the State  President and the minister concerned.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPER CAPTION: Dr Jakkie Cilliers, Director, Institute for Defence Policy\u003cbr/\u003eOn Tuesday, de Kock told the court he'd learnt that orders to blow up the Johannesburg  headquarters of the country's largest organisation of trade unions were authorised by  the then President P. W. Botha.\u003cbr/\u003eCOSATU (Coalition of South African Trade Unions) took a fierce anti-apartheid stance  before Mandela came to power and was closely identified with the philosophies of the A- N-C movement.\u003cbr/\u003eThe building was bombed in May 1987.\u003cbr/\u003eAt the time, the security minister blamed the African National Congress for the attack  and arrested activist Shirley Gunn.\u003cbr/\u003eFormer police head General van der Merwe and other high ranking security officials have  agreed to cooperate with the Truth Commission, but have not yet admitted  responsibility for crimes against humanity.\u003cbr/\u003eIn a contradiction of previous National Party assertions, de Kock testified Tuesday he  had given Themba Khoza of the A-N-C's chief rival Inkatha Freedom Party weapons.\u003cbr/\u003eDe Kock's former colleague Dirk Coetzee came clean in 1990 and has revealed his  involvement in the murder of anti-apartheid activists.\u003cbr/\u003eCoetzee has appeared in court in connection with the murder of an anti-apartheid  lawyer, Griffiths Mxenge, but the trial was postponed to give the Truth Commission time  to consider an amnesty\u003cbr/\u003eTuesday, De Kock named Former Defence Minister General Magnus Malan as having  been aware of attacks on anti-apartheid activists.\u003cbr/\u003eMalan, who is appearing on murder charges in Durban, has refused to apply for  amnesty.\u003cbr/\u003ePretoria, South Africa, 17th September 1996 (except where stated)\u003cbr/\u003e1. Exterior: court\u003cbr/\u003e2. Various: people walk to court\u003cbr/\u003e3. Close up: sign\u003cbr/\u003e4. De Kock arrives in police van\u003cbr/\u003e5. Pull out: man reading newspaper about de Koch\u003cbr/\u003e6. SOUNDBITE:  William Zwane, South African\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE: Christine Bredenkamp, South African\u003cbr/\u003e8. Catherine Mlangeni (mother of victim - Bheki Mlangeni) leaving court\u003cbr/\u003e9. Exterior: Institute for Defence Policy\u003cbr/\u003e10. Set up: Dr Jakkie Cilliers\u003cbr/\u003e11. SOUNDBITE: Dr Jakkie Cilliers, Institute for Defence Policy\u003cbr/\u003e12. FILE: PW Botha with President Nelson Mandela (21st November 1995, Wilderness)\u003cbr/\u003e13. FILE: General Johan van der Merwe (24th June 1996, Pretoria)\u003cbr/\u003e14. FILE: Themba Khoza (27th March 1996, Johannesburg)\u003cbr/\u003e15. FILE: De Klerk (21st August 1996, Cape Town)\u003cbr/\u003e16. FILE: Dirk Coetzee (12th June 1996, Pretoria)\u003cbr/\u003e17. 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