{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='More people than ever are living in cities' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54baead8eafeecae12116b' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54baead8eafeecae12116b' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nMore people than ever are living in cities\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eMumbai, 5 Dec, 20071. Pan of a roadside pavement showing pavement dwellers2. Mid of a pot over fire3. Municipal workers sweeping as a woman bathes her child on the roadside4. Mid of child being soaped5. Wide of mother applying soap as a...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eMumbai, 5 Dec, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e1. Pan of a roadside pavement showing pavement dwellers\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid of a pot over fire\u003cbr/\u003e3. Municipal workers sweeping as a woman bathes her child on the roadside\u003cbr/\u003e4. Mid of child being soaped\u003cbr/\u003e5. Wide of mother applying soap as a girl looks on\u003cbr/\u003e6. Mid of women and a baby sitting on the pavement\u003cbr/\u003e7. SOUNDBITE  (Hindi): Parvati, Pavement dweller\u003cbr/\u003e\"There have been so many accidents, but we do not move away from here. What do we do? We face problems from the municipality- we keep shifting our stuff. They take our stuff away. We have no bed, no cover. We eat here and we sleep here. We have no house or shelter. What do we do? We are poor. This is how we live on the footpath.\"\u003cbr/\u003e8. Various of Dharavi slum dwellings\u003cbr/\u003eNew Delhi, 6 Dec, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE (English): Nesim Tumkaya, India Representative, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)\u003cbr/\u003e\"The driving force in the economic sociological literature, there are two main factors - the push factors which are the forces pushing people out of the land, rural areas and the pull factors. In urban areas, usually, even though the urban areas are overcrowded, its still easier to find jobs there compared to rural areas. Then there are also, you know, facilities whether it is water or schooling or entertainment or life, you know, basic infrastructure. Unfortunately, many governments tend to put infrastructure in urban areas and to ignore rural areas and that contributes more to the attraction of urban areas.\" \u003cbr/\u003eFILE- New Delhi, 29 Oct, 2007 \u003cbr/\u003e10. Tilt down from building under construction to landless villagers\u003cbr/\u003e11. Various of landless villagers at a rally\u003cbr/\u003eNew Delhi, 5 Dec, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE (English): Sunita Narain, Environmentalist, Centre for Science and Environment\u003cbr/\u003e\"Can you provide for the large numbers of influx of people that will happen in our cities and provide them with the basic lifestyle that they have the right to have? And if not, then you have to make sure that you can correct your rural development strategies. You have to stop people from coming into cities because you will make rural areas as prosperous as the city.\"\u003cbr/\u003eFILE- Palakkad district, Kerala, 6 July, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e13. Various of village woman separating chaff from rice grain \u003cbr/\u003e14. Various of men working in the fields\u003cbr/\u003eNew Delhi, 6 Dec, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE (English): Nesim Tumkaya, India Representative, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)-\u003cbr/\u003e\"A strategy to provide incentives to smaller towns, smaller cities and to bring the facilities there - employment as well as other infrastructural facilities would be advisable for India, so that inevitably, it would take the extra people who are pushed out of rural land and give them the opportunity to be in the urban areas and make a better living for themselves.\" \u003cbr/\u003eMumbai, 5 Dec, 2007\u003cbr/\u003e16. Woman massaging her baby on the pavement as another looks on\u003cbr/\u003e17. Another woman taking out baby's pants from a plastic bag \u003cbr/\u003e18. Baby lying on blanket; utensils in the foreground\u003cbr/\u003e19. Mid of woman pouring water into pot\u003cbr/\u003e20. SOUNDBITE (Hindi): Parvati, Pavement dweller\u003cbr/\u003e\"Where will we get a house from? One needs a place, a house to live in the village. Where will we stay there?\"\u003cbr/\u003e21. Children playing on pavement\u003cbr/\u003e22. Mother giving baby some medicine\u003cbr/\u003e23. Pan from traffic on road to pavement\u003cbr/\u003eA United Nations' report says in 2008 more than half the world's population - about 3.3 billion people- will be living in urban areas. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Indian city of Mumbai, attracts hundreds of migrants everyday. \u003cbr/\u003ePoor villagers come in search of a livelihood or simply a better way of life. \u003cbr/\u003eBut many among them end up on the pavements - eating, sleeping, simply living there. \u003cbr/\u003eParvati has spent her entire life on the pavement, even having and raising her children there. \u003cbr/\u003eParvati says she was born there and she will die there. \u003cbr/\u003eThe people who live here are shielded from the traffic by cardboard or sheets hung from a wire. \u003cbr/\u003eMany have lost their lives in road accidents. \u003cbr/\u003eIn a bid to clean up the city, municipal workers confiscate their belongings and drive them away. \u003cbr/\u003eYet, they choose to return to the pavement - partly because they have nowhere else to go and partly because the city is still able to offer them the basics at the end of the day. \u003cbr/\u003eIt is this lure of a better life that pulls people from the rural areas to the cities, according to the United Nations' World Population report. \u003cbr/\u003eThe 2007 UNFPA report predicts that in 2008, more than half the world's population - about 3.3 billion people- will be living in urban areas. \u003cbr/\u003eIt says the unprecedented urban growth will be particularly notable in Asia and Africa where the urban population is expected to double between 2000 and 2030.\u003cbr/\u003eIn India, the signs of urbanisation are evident. \u003cbr/\u003eNot only are the metropolitan cities expanding, smaller towns close to big cities are also growing. \u003cbr/\u003eThe report says the effects of urbanisation need not be bad if pre-emptive steps are taken. \u003cbr/\u003eExperts say development needs to be taken to rural areas if this rapid urban growth is to be checked. \u003cbr/\u003eEnvironmentalist Sunita Narain from the Centre for Science and Environment has done several studies on urban issues. \u003cbr/\u003eNarain says the migration of people from rural to urban areas where they face an uncertain future, can be stopped if rural areas are made as prosperous as the cities. \u003cbr/\u003eUNFPA's India representative Nesim Tumkaya endorses that  view. \u003cbr/\u003eHe suggests that smaller cities with population of a million or less should be developed to take some pressure off the big cities. \u003cbr/\u003eIn spite of the hardships, going back to her village is not an option for Parvati.\u003cbr/\u003eShe would rather stay on the pavement and take her chance with the opportunities offered by the city than go back to a bleak future in the village.\u003cbr/\u003eUnless people can find employment in the rural areas or nearby towns and cities, many others like Parvati will continue to head to big cities, putting a strain on 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