{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-572d6a42.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-f4d0de30.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='Cockroaches are a key weapon against hospital infections' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bad7d8eafeecae12084f' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54bad7d8eafeecae12084f' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nCockroaches are a key weapon against hospital infections\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eKarachi, Pakistan, October 12, 20101. Various close up of cockroach in laboratory tank 2. Medium close of laboratory assistant entering the animal house of Aga Khan University Hospital 3. Close of cockroaches in tank 4. Close of...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eKarachi, Pakistan, October 12, 2010\u003cbr/\u003e1. Various close up of cockroach in laboratory tank \u003cbr/\u003e2. Medium close of laboratory assistant entering the animal house of Aga Khan University Hospital \u003cbr/\u003e3. Close of cockroaches in tank \u003cbr/\u003e4. Close of laboratory assistant putting on latex gloves\u003cbr/\u003e5. Mid shot of laboratory assistant\u003cbr/\u003e6. Various of laboratory assistant reaching into the tub to catch a cockroach\u003cbr/\u003e7. Close up of the cockroach's head being dissected from its body \u003cbr/\u003e8. Close up of cockroach heads in petri dish.\u003cbr/\u003e9. Close up of live cockroaches\u003cbr/\u003e10. Close up of beheaded cockroaches \u003cbr/\u003e11. Medium wide of Dr. Naveed Khan walking into his laboratory\u003cbr/\u003e12. SOUNDBITE: (English) Dr. Naveed Khan, research scientist Nottingham University\u003cbr/\u003e\"These species, these organisms are surviving in an environment where we cannot even imagine to live. The question is how come these things able to survive in these conditions in some of the most filthy places known to man, yet they're not being killed by the problem of the superbug?.  So given the hypothesis, given the uniqueness, this nature of this material that we're obtaining, we are pretty optimistic that we will come across something novel and will be potent against some of these bugs.\"\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close of severed cockroach heads on petri dish\u003cbr/\u003e14. Close of head being removed from dish with tweezers and placed on chopping board, zoom into dissection of head  \u003cbr/\u003e15. Close of heads in petri dish\u003cbr/\u003e16. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Naveed Khan, research scientist Nottingham University\u003cbr/\u003e\"The major problem at the moment is infectious diseases and we have more than 14 million deaths annually worldwide due to infectious diseases and I think the worrying thing to me personally is that these numbers have remained significant despite our advances and even more worryingly some of these bacterial pathogens are developing resistance against many of the antibiotics that we have at our disposal. So the idea here was that we need to look for rare sources, or new sources for the presence of novel, new antimicrobials.\"\u003cbr/\u003e17. UPSOUND: (English), Dr. Naveed Khan, research scientist Nottingham University (over close of dissection)\u003cbr/\u003e\"The skull is quite hard as you can imagine, that's a neat cut \"\u003cbr/\u003e18. Close tilt down from Khan looking through microscope to extract a cockroach brain\u003cbr/\u003e19. UPSOUND: (English), Dr. Naveed Khan, Nottingham University  (looking at and separating cockroach brain lobes)\u003cbr/\u003e\"you can see it here as well more clearly I think in here this is where the brain is. Basically the brain has lobes, so you just pick them up and scoop it like that and then put it in this tube.\"\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close up of tube with extracted brains\u003cbr/\u003e23.  SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Naveed Khan, research scientist Nottingham University\u003cbr/\u003e\"We need to have an approach where we are looking at many different ways of controlling these infections rather than focusing only on one aspect which is anti-microbial discovery, which is a very important area but should not be the only focal point.\"\u003cbr/\u003e24. Various of Khan working with tube\u003cbr/\u003e25. Mid shot of a centrifuge being opened and half zoom in as Khan inserts a tube of brains\u003cbr/\u003e26. Close of controls on centrifuge \u003cbr/\u003e27. Close of equipment on bench \u003cbr/\u003e28. Close of brain sample being injected onto slide \u003cbr/\u003e29. Close zoom in of Dr. Ruqqaiya Siddiqui\u003cbr/\u003e30. Close of Dr. Ruqqaiya Siddiqui inserting slide under microscope\u003cbr/\u003e31. SOUNDBITE: (English), Dr. Ruqqaiya Siddiqui, lecturer Aga Khan University Hospital\u003cbr/\u003e\"Research like Dr. Khan's where there is a possibility of a novel anti-microbial compound that is just amazing. If we could find a new compound which can treat a lot of these MRSA or E-Coli or bacterial infections here we wouldn't need to rely on such, there is only one or two antibiotics available at the moment which do treat multi-drug resistant infections. So if we can find something like this, if he can produce a compound it would be great for us. We are in desperate need of some new drugs here.\"\u003cbr/\u003e32. Various shots of live cockroaches in container\u003cbr/\u003eA natural antibiotic in cockroaches could stop patients being killed by drug resistant hospital infections according to a British team of scientists.\u003cbr/\u003eThe hunt for new antibiotics is vital to our survival because superbugs are becoming resistant to the old drugs and today America's launching (November 15, 2010) a campaign urging people to only use them as a last resort.\u003cbr/\u003eThey're usually associated with rotting food, festering smells and dirt.\u003cbr/\u003eNot the antiseptic environment of a medical laboratory.\u003cbr/\u003eBut according to scientists these cockroaches may hold the key to killing the bacteria that threaten our lives.\u003cbr/\u003eParticularly in hospitals where patients are too weak and vulnerable to fight infection.\u003cbr/\u003eCockroaches rely on decomposing rubbish to survive, they crawl among germs and disease.\u003cbr/\u003eBut they don't die, they thrive on unsanitary conditions.\u003cbr/\u003eScientists say it's unsurprising cockroaches developed ways of protecting themselves against micro-organisms by secreting their own antimicrobials. \u003cbr/\u003eTheir secret to staying alive is in their brains and nervous system.\u003cbr/\u003eThe process of extracting cockroach brains is intricate.\u003cbr/\u003eFirst the head is cut off.\u003cbr/\u003eThe skull is hard to crack, when it's dissected by a scalpel to expose the brain.\u003cbr/\u003eA team at Britain's University of Nottingham have discovered IN these brains nine different molecules which are toxic to bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eLead researcher Dr. Naveed Khan came to Pakistan because he believes the cockroaches here will have a much stronger antibiotic than those found in European infestations.\u003cbr/\u003eHe's now collaborating with scientists here at the Aga Khan University Hospital. \u003cbr/\u003eKhan's team at Nottingham claim the insect's brain tissue and nervous system were able to kill more than 90% of MRSA and E.coli without harming human cells. \u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Khan cockroaches \"are surviving in an environment where we cannot even imagine to live. The question is how come these things able to survive in these conditions in some of the most filthy places known to man, yet they're not being killed.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"given the hypothesis, given the uniqueness this nature of this material that we're obtaining, we are pretty optimistic that we will come across something novel and will be potent against some of these bugs\".\u003cbr/\u003eKhan's potentially powerful new antibiotic could be crucial to creating new treatments for multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. \u003cbr/\u003eE. coli and MRSA and other bacteria are becoming hard to treat because they've become so resistant to drugs already on the market.\u003cbr/\u003eThat's why they're called superbugs.\u003cbr/\u003eWhen antibiotics were first discovered they were treated like a miracle cure all and they became overused, easy to swallow at the first sign of a sniff, or a cough.\u003cbr/\u003eIn its awareness campaign launched today the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is telling everyone that antibiotics aren't always the answer and they should be the last line the doctors armoury.\u003cbr/\u003eCDC says they're often used for viral illnesses like influenza, but antibiotics don't work against viruses.   \u003cbr/\u003eLast year the same alarm was raised by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.\u003cbr/\u003eIt warned blood stream infections, urinary tract infections, lung infections were being caused in some European countries by what's become known as \"multi-multi-resistant bacteria.\" \u003cbr/\u003eKhan says \"we have more than 14 million deaths annually worldwide and the worrying thing is that these numbers have remained significant despite our advancements.\"\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"the idea here was that we need to look for rare sources or new sources for the presence of novel new antimicrobials.\"\u003cbr/\u003eThe brain is a gooey white lump and easily scooped out from the skull.\u003cbr/\u003eOnce removed, the brains are put into a tube and subjected to strong vibrations from high frequency sound waves to break them down.\u003cbr/\u003eThen they're put into a centrifuge and the solids pushed down.\u003cbr/\u003eWhat is left on top is clear liquid serum with antimicrobial properties strong enough to kill MRSA, E-Coli and Tuberculosis.\u003cbr/\u003eGetting this serum into production is still a long way off.\u003cbr/\u003eIt has to go through many processes and it needs to be synthesised into a chemical compound.\u003cbr/\u003eAfter that there'll be numerous animal and human trials. \u003cbr/\u003eKhan insists this won't be a panacea even when it becomes available to patients.\u003cbr/\u003eHe says \"my view is that we need to have an approach where we are looking at many different ways of controlling these infections rather than focusing only on one aspect which is anti-microbial discovery\".\u003cbr/\u003eAccording to Khan this discovery can lead to several innovations.\u003cbr/\u003eNot just a new medicine, but vaccines and cleaning products.\u003cbr/\u003eDr. Ruqqaiya Siddiqui is one of those collaborating with Khan at the Aga Khan University Hospital.\u003cbr/\u003eShe believes the serum is groundbreaking, especially Pakistan cities.\u003cbr/\u003eSiddiqui says the country has a high rate of deaths from infectious diseases exacerbated by congested and unhygienic living conditions. \u003cbr/\u003eIt's led to a constantly increasing demand for ever stronger antibiotics to counter the drug resistant bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eSiddiqui says \"if we could find a new compound which can treat a lot of these MRSA or E-Coli or bacterial infections here we wouldn't need to rely on such *(resistant drugs).\u003cbr/\u003eShe says \"there is only one or two available at the moment which do treat multi-drug resistant infections. So if we can find something like this, if he (Khan) can produce a compound it would be great for us. We are in desperate need of some new drugs here\".\u003cbr/\u003eKhan has two Petri dishes with MRSA bacteria growing in them, but only one of them was treated with cockroach brain serum.\u003cbr/\u003eThe treated dish is clear, indicating that cockroach brain serum has managed to kill the bacteria.\u003cbr/\u003eA welcome and  positive sign.\u003cbr/\u003eCockroaches have been reviled through centuries and all energies have been concentrated on trying to eradicate the seemingly indestructible creatures.\u003cbr/\u003eOne day it might be appreciated if not admired.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv 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