{"page":"\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/resources-c03aa079.css\" /\u003e\n\u003clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://lessonplanet.com/assets/packs/css/lp_boclips_stylesheets-517835be.css\" media=\"all\" /\u003e\n\u003cdiv data-title='CHECHNYA: SEPARATIST LEADERS DETERMINED TO BE INDEPENDENT OF RUSSIA' data-url='/boclips/videos/5c54ba91d8eafeecae11e789' data-video-url='/boclips/videos/5c54ba91d8eafeecae11e789' id='bo_player_modal'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='boclips-resource-page modal-dialog panel-container'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='react-notifications-root'\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-header'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-type'\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-regular fa-circle-play'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\nVideo\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch1 class='rp-title' id='video-title'\u003e\nCHECHNYA: SEPARATIST LEADERS DETERMINED TO BE INDEPENDENT OF RUSSIA\n\u003c/h1\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-actions'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='mr-1'\u003e\n\u003ca class=\"btn btn-success\" data-posthog-event=\"Signup: LP Signup Activity\" data-posthog-location=\"body_link_boclips\" data-remote=\"true\" href=\"/subscription/new\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGet Free Access\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"\"\u003e for 10 Days\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e!\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-body'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-info'\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-label='Hide resource details' class='rp-hide-info' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u0026times;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Expand resource details' class='rp-expand-info fai fa-solid fa-up-right-and-down-left-from-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003ci aria-label='Compress resource details' class='rp-compress-info fai fa-solid fa-down-left-and-up-right-to-center' role='button' tabindex='0'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-rating'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='resource-pool'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-label'\u003ePublisher:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='pool-name'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='text'\u003e\u003ca data-publisher-id=\"30356011\" href=\"/search?publisher_ids%5B%5D=30356011\"\u003eCurated Video\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-description'\u003e\n\u003cspan class='short-description'\u003eRussian/NatChechnya's separatist leaders are determined to be independent of Russia, both politically and economically.They believe the tiny, land-locked territory can succeed economically if it exploits its own oil reserves and gets a...\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class='full-description hide'\u003eRussian/Nat\u003cbr/\u003eChechnya's separatist leaders are determined to be independent of Russia, both politically and economically.\u003cbr/\u003eThey believe the tiny, land-locked territory can succeed economically if it exploits its own oil reserves and gets a cut of foreign oil transported across its land.\u003cbr/\u003eBut to do so, the Chechen government will have to get the refineries up and running again. \u003cbr/\u003eThey need to repair major pipelines and get rid of the hundreds of small-scale illegal refineries that sprang up in the anarchy of war.\u003cbr/\u003eChechnya's oil industry has always been the republic's life blood. \u003cbr/\u003eBut since the devastating two year war with Russia, this tiny republic has been reduced to buying its petrol in flagons from the roadside.\u003cbr/\u003eMost petrol now sold in Chechnya is produced illegally. Every day about 25-thousand tonnes of illegal crude oil is refined. \u003cbr/\u003eNow the government looks set to crack down on this illegal enterprise, believing its main hope for achieving economic independence from Russia lies in exploiting its profitable oil fields.\u003cbr/\u003eBut the government faces the expensive task of getting the official refineries up and running -- as well as shutting down what for many has become a lucrative black market industry.\u003cbr/\u003eHundreds of roadside refineries, like this one at Tsotsin-Yurt, sprouted up across the country during the war, as enterprising Chechens tapped into the region's oil fields as well as the republic's major pipeline.\u003cbr/\u003eThe tiny refineries helped supply Chechnya's guerrilla army as well as the civilian population. \u003cbr/\u003eAt a set-up like this one, 12 tonnes of crude oil produces about 4 tonnes of petrol and 7 tonnes of diesel and some kerosene.\u003cbr/\u003eHomemade petrol will leave deposits and eventually damage a car's valves, but these ad hoc oilmen insist their petrol is good quality.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (Russian)\u003cbr/\u003e\"On TV they say a car will only run for two or three days before the engine seizes up. But we've been using this petrol for several years without a problem. Of course it's good quality petrol. There's no difference between ours and the pure-grade stuff the refinery\u003cbr/\u003eproduces.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION:  Ilias Musayev, illegal oil refiner\u003cbr/\u003eThe state oil refinery in Grozny is one of the few refineries in Chechnya actually managing to produce petrol. But it is working far below maximum capacity.\u003cbr/\u003eBefore the war Chechnya refined about two million tonnes of oil annually. Now the Grozny plant is only managing to pump out 5-thousand tonnes per day.\u003cbr/\u003eDuring the two years of bitter fighting between Chechen rebels and Russian forces most of Grozny was obliterated. \u003cbr/\u003eStorage tanks at the refinery burnt down and pipes and equipment were damaged by fire and shelling.\u003cbr/\u003eBut while the rest of Grozny was reduced to dust, the refineries remained relatively unscathed. \u003cbr/\u003eNow its workers are eager to get back to full-scale production.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (Russian)   \u003cbr/\u003e\"Our crude oil is good quality but we haven't been able to refine it since the equipment burnt down. Before the war we had good equipment but it got damaged. Now people are repairing it and I think that quite soon we'll be producing good quality petrol again.\"    \u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Magomed Ryezayev, Grozny oil refinery worker\u003cbr/\u003eOn Wednesday, the Chechen government announced a plan to construct a network of pipelines in the Caucasus for future export of Caspian oil through Chechnya to the Mediterranean. \u003cbr/\u003eAn estimated 3 (b) billion dollars is required to implement the plan. \u003cbr/\u003eBut Chechnya doesn't have the money to pay for basic reconstruction or for wages and pensions, let alone new pipelines.\u003cbr/\u003eSOUNDBITE: (Russian) \u003cbr/\u003e\"We don't get our pay. Production is going on but we don't get paid. It's painful to work and it's insulting. But we don't want to chuck it in.\"\u003cbr/\u003eSUPERCAPTION: Zolotkhan Aslambekova, Grozny oil refinery technician\u003cbr/\u003eA tonne of crude oil costs the bootleg oilmen about 20 dollars (U-S).  And with a return of 100 percent on their outlay, it's a very profitable business.\u003cbr/\u003eBut it's also very risky. \u003cbr/\u003eThe natural gas that escapes when boring for oil ignites easily. And the fumes emitted during the refining process readily explode. \u003cbr/\u003eThe illegal oilmen say the danger is worth it. They are reluctant to return to their old work growing tomatoes. But their days are numbered. \u003cbr/\u003eIn Tsotsin-Yurt, the oilmen say no action has been taken yet but they expect a crackdown after Chechnya elects a president and parliament in Monday's elections.\u003cbr/\u003eGrozny and Tsotsin-Yurt, Chechnya. 21 \u0026amp; 22 January 1997\u003cbr/\u003eGrozny, Chechnya - 21 January, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e1. Mid shot glass jars of petrol for sale at side of road\u003cbr/\u003e2. Mid shot woman pouring petrol from canister into jar\u003cbr/\u003e3. Wide shot boy selling petrol at side of road\u003cbr/\u003eTsotsin-Yurt, Chechnya - 22 January, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e4. Wide shot men and petrol truck at illegal refinery\u003cbr/\u003e5. Close up man holding pipe spewing black crude oil onto ground\u003cbr/\u003e6. Wide shot illegal refinery tanks steaming\u003cbr/\u003e7. Mid shot man testing quality of petrol in glass jar\u003cbr/\u003e8. Mid shot man pouring petrol back into tank\u003cbr/\u003e9. SOUNDBITE: Ilias Musayev, illegal oil refiner (Russian)    \u003cbr/\u003eGrozny, Chechnya - 21 January, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e10. Wide shot storage tanks at Grozny oil refinery\u003cbr/\u003e11. Wide shot man closing valve on oil pipe\u003cbr/\u003e12. Wide shot man walking through machinery of oil refinery\u003cbr/\u003e13. Close up pure-grade petrol pouring out of pipe and into tank\u003cbr/\u003e14. Wide shot men loading petrol into canister\u003cbr/\u003e15. SOUNDBITE: Magomed Ryezayev, Grozny oil refinery\u003cbr/\u003eworker (Russian)\u003cbr/\u003e16. Wide shot man standing on top of petrol tanker\u003cbr/\u003e17. Close up rusty valve on pipe\u003cbr/\u003e18. Mid shot woman unscrewing part of refining apparatus\u003cbr/\u003e19. Close up crude oil being poured into apparatus from kettle\u003cbr/\u003e20. Close up pistons\u003cbr/\u003e21. SOUNDBITE: Zolotkhan Aslambekova, Grozny oil refinery technician. (Russian)\u003cbr/\u003eTsotsin-Yurt, Chechnya - 22 January, 1997\u003cbr/\u003e22. Illegal oilfield on fire\u003cbr/\u003e23. Close up flames billowing\u003cbr/\u003e24. Mid shot smoke, flames, men in distance\u003cbr/\u003e25. Wide shot burning oil field\u003cbr/\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='action-container flex justify-between'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' aria-label='Read more description' class='rp-full-description' type='button'\u003e\n\u003ci class='fai fa-solid fa-align-left'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003cspan id='read_more'\u003eRead More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-report'\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='resource-details-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='resource-details-heading'\u003eResource Details\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='rp-resource-details clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eCurator Rating\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan class=\"star-rating\" aria-label=\"3.5 out of 5 stars\" role=\"img\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-star text-action\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\u003ci 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class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eDate\u003c/dt\u003e\n\u003cdd\u003e1997\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fai fa-solid fa-language'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\u003cdt\u003eAudiences\u003c/dt\u003e\u003cdd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"/search?audience_ids%5B%5D=371079\u0026amp;keywords=math+sample+space\u0026amp;page=8\u0026amp;search_tab_id=1\"\u003eFor Teacher Use\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/dd\u003e\u003cdd class=\"text-muted\"\u003e\u003ci class=\"fa-solid fa-lock mr5\"\u003e\u003c/i\u003e2 more...\u003c/dd\u003e\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='detail'\u003e\n\u003cdl\u003e\n\n\u003c/dl\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='concepts-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' id='concepts-heading'\u003eConcepts\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='clearfix'\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='details-list concepts' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator' data-type='concepts'\u003ebusiness, benzene, europe, eastern europe, russia\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class='concepts-toggle-buttons' data-identifier='Boclips::VideoDecorator'\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='false' class='more btn-link' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow More\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-down ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003cbutton aria-expanded='true' class='less btn-link' style='display: none;' type='button'\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eShow Less\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003ci aria-hidden='true' class='fa-solid fa-caret-up ml5'\u003e\u003c/i\u003e\n\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv aria-labelledby='additional-tags-heading' class='rp-info-section'\u003e\n\u003ch2 class='title' 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